Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 14

Case Study Example The case study also looks at the performance of the restaurant in the last few months and makes recommendations as to how the restaurant can be well position in the existing market to gain competitive advantage (Cyrek, 2009). Information on the operational systems of Queens Head exposes key strengths and weaknesses as a food and beverage operation which must become the basis for making any recommendations for the future. The table below outlines the strengths and weaknesses of the company. Queens Head lack a clear tradition position within the market in which it competes. This point is clearly admitted by Cullum who sees the development of specific destination trade as the answer to future growth. Meanwhile, Davis (2005) emphasised the importance of having a clearly identified trading position as an effective tool for growth and competitiveness. This is because the trading position used by the company helps it to develop a competitive advantage which makes it become a preferred choice over competitors due to its position. It is possible to use either Porter’s generic strategic positions or Bowman’s strategy clock to identify a trading position which will become the strategy around which Queens Head will undertake its marketing. The graph above shows that Queens Head has failed to maintain a steady growth in sales in the past 12 months. This applies to both in food sales and drink sales, which is a very worrying situation the restaurant can be finding itself in now. This is because the sales made by the company determine its revenue inflow, which is also an important determinant of capital position for competing on the market through publicity and promotions (Agarwal and Helfat, 2009). As sales have not experienced any significant growth, it will be very difficult for the restaurant to have sufficient funds which are committed to market growth areas that are

Fashion and False Hype Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fashion and False Hype - Essay Example What do you plan to accomplish with this essay? What do you hope the reader takes away from this argument? This is intended to illuminate the truth behind the fascination of fashion trends and fashion industry. During the research for this Rogerian essay, I came across with some critical aspects regarding the social inequality and individual’s social behaviour in which fashion plays a significant role. I aimed to deliver the grave negative factors which fashion industry implies on society. 2. What did you learn from completing this assignment? Did you experience a new understanding of the topic? Did you change your perspective after completing the research? I learnt about the ideals of modernity which is highly constructed on the bases of the principle of equality. In addition, I was exposed to the social role of fashion in our lives which have significantly negative impact on our society. Most importantly, I found the alternative ways to spend money rather on following fashio n trends and wasting too much money on fashion wears. 3. What difficulties did you encounter during the research, writing, or editing phases of the assignment? There were few difficulties mainly in the understanding of the criticality which this argument contains. The biggest reason is my presuppositions about fashion and fashion industry which were well conforming to the developed stature of fashion. The deliverance of the argument in which fashion leads to self centric thinking in writing was a challenging task for me. 4. What did you enjoy about this assignment? The most interesting factor in this assignment was the involvement of both, supporting arguments and the critiques. The aspects which are the positive aspects of fashion are, on the other hand, have negative aspects which are more intense than the positive implications. 5. What made you decide to write about this particular topic?  Is this a topic that you are discussing in another course?  Is this a topic that concer ns you in particular? As we all know that fashion is one of the most important parts of our lives. My interest in fashion leads me to explore about it and the research made me develop the argument against fashion and fashion industry. I am immensely concerned with fashion which made me chose this topic for this assignment. 6. Is there anything else you would like for me to know before reading your essay? It poses an intense critique regarding fashion in contemporary world and it largely deals with social and humanistic aspects which are associated with fashion and fashion industry. [Student’s Name] [Instructor’s Name] [Course Title] [Date] Fashion and False Hype Introduction and Claim Fashion has become one of the most necessary industries in the contemporary world of modern age. Numerous trends in fashion are being acquired by millions of individuals in concordance with their regions, religions and cultures. Almost every single individual in this world aims to appear good and attractive. This desire of millions is fulfilled with those trends of fashion which are produced by the global fashion industry. From a child to teenager and from a young adult to middle aged individual, every single individual spends large amounts on meeting the fashion trends in the contemporary times. As fashion has become an essential part of today’s life, there are numerous negative aspects which are associated with the fashion industry. It consumes a good amount of time and money to keep one’s self updated with the latest trends of fashion along with the unjust which is associated with the labours working in the fashion industry (Cross 155-161). Despite the fact that fashion has become an essential part of the contemporary life but the number of negative aspects involved in fashion propose that the importance of

SWOT Analysis of Venezuela and Kerala

SWOT Analysis of Venezuela and Kerala (S)trengths: A natural endowment of the world’s most demanded resource, namely oil. Huge reserves of crude oil in the country. A boom in the oil price in the international market causes a flourishing of the Venezuelan economy; a rise in the employment rate and the GDP of the country. It also runs a current account surplus owing to the surplus revenues earned from oil. The non-oil sector has also been growing at a steady and fast pace. Finance and insurance has grown 258.4 percent during the current expansion, an average of 26.1 percent annually; construction, which has grown 159.4 percent, or 18.9 percent annually; trade and repair services (152.8 percent, or 18.4 percent annually); transport and storage (104.9 percent, or 13.9 percent annually); and communications (151.4 percent, or 18.3 percent annually). Manufacturing grew 98.1 percent during the expansion, or 13.2 percent per year. (W)eaknesses: An overdependence on the oil industry often leads the economy to come crashing down in the case of drop in oil prices. The constant political instability in the region leads to rapid policy changes and an overarching control of the military forces in private and public spheres. (O)pportunities: Foreign public debt is low, at about 9.8 percent of GDP. Principal payments for the next four years are about $1.5 billion a year, which is very modest. Therefore Venezuela could also increase its borrowing internationally if necessary, but it is extremely unlikely to encounter any balance of payments problems. In the face of strong deflationary pressures, Venezuela’s inflation is likely to continue falling in the near future. Challenges: The main challenge for Venezuela in the next couple of years is to implement an effective stimulus package that can keep the economy on a steady growth path. Venezuela could make infrastructure and other public investments that will increase productivity in the years that follow. (T)hreats: Current concerns are a weakening of democratic institutions, political polarization, a politicized military, drug-related violence along the Colombian border, increasing internal drug consumption, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples. Theoretical Lessons learnt from Venezuela: Venezuelan government revenue and oil revenue into the country are indivisible as it constitutes a major chunk of its GDP. A more balanced version of the Big Push model could facilitate other sectors to move forward like agriculture and industries, and this would lead to product diversification. Equitable distribution and efficiency are positive functions of a balance between private and public undertakings. Only public ownership and maintenance fuels corruption and inefficiencies. Kerala Kerala is located at the southern tip of India and was formed in 1956. In terms of area, it constitutes only 1.275% of India; it accounts for 33.3 million of the total Indian population .i.e. 2.76% of the total. It is the third densest state in India but this camouflaged by plush green biodiversity. Like Venezuela, Kerala too is a resource-driven country, exporting its ecology .This is in the form of tourism and also the export of primary products like coffee, coconuts and spices. Ecology plays an important role in the Kerala economy by providing a diversified natural resource base, enabling a large degree of occupational diversification. A comparison between Venezuela and Kerala. Variables Venezuela Kerala Longevity Total population:74.39 years male:71.26 years female:77.67 years (2014 est.) Total population: 74 years. Male: 71.67 yrs Female:77.2 yrs Adult Literacy (2013) Total-84.1 Female- 83.9% Male- 84.2% (2011) Total- 94% Female-100.76 % Male-96.11% Gross Enrolment Ratio(mainly primary school) It was 103% in 2009-10, and dropped to 102% in 2011-12. This percent exceeds 100 due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition. 100 % Gross Enrolment Ratio. GDP per capita 12,729 NA Infant and child mortality 2009 The child (below 5 yrs) mortality rate was 17.5(a drop in rate as compared to previous years above 18 ratios), per 1000 live births. The infant mortality rate was 15 per 1000 live births 2005-06 Child mortality rate is 16.3, and infant mortality rate is 15.3 per 1000 live births. Secondary school enrolment Secondary school enrolment (% gross) was 83.48 as of 2011. Over the past 40 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 83.48 in 2011 and a minimum value of 35.15 in 1971. 45% of the total population enters into higher secondary education. Incidence on poverty The policies of the Bolivarian Government has caused poverty to fall to 23% in 2009 from 70.3% in the second half of 1996 accompanied by 40% of extreme poverty and a record inflation rate of 103%. The incidence of rural poverty has declined in the 1980s in spite of the slow rate of growth of the economy Maternal mortality 92 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) Lowest maternal mortality rate in India. 66 deaths/100,000 live births (2010-12) Tertiary Enrolment 78% of the total population of the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. Neglect on higher education. For example, in 1998-99, such a ratio is estimated to be 5.6 per cent in Kerala, compared to 5.9 per cent in the country as a whole on average Gini-coefficient for income distribution 0.482 0.40 HDI 0.748 0.625 Kerala and Venezuela are similar on grounds of following a path towards very high GDP. However, as much as they have been showing rapid development, an important issue which poses a huge problem for both economies is that of social security threatened by Crime, and the widespread corruption. Presently, in 2013, after the death of President Chavez, President Maduro took over, the Venezuelan economy has been experiencing acute shortages due to turmoil. Marginal Propensity to consume is very high currently in Venezuela due to high inflation and shortages. In Venezuela, growth in the money supply leads to inflation. This growth in money supply is caused by an almost near full employment level in the economy.There is high consumption in basic commodities such as milk, butter, coffee, cornmeal and toilet paper. This shortage has been caused due to theState-controlled prices – prices that are set below market-clearing price.Many factories operate at half capacity because the currency controls make it hard for them to pay for imported parts and materials. Business leaders say some companies verge on bankruptcy because they cannot extend lines of credit with foreign suppliers. In April 2013, Venezuelas scarcity index reached its highest level since 2009, while the 12-month inflation rate has risen to nearly 30%. Shoppers often spend several days looking for basic items, and stock up when they find them. Therefore, their Marginal propensity to save is extremely low. The protests have hit the streets, but are controlled in a very gruesome matter by the government and military loyalists of the government. There is a lot of crime even among the police force. The basic freedom of speech is curtailed as the media is controlled by the President. ‘Colectivos’ is the name given to gangs of thugs sponsored by the state to hush the opposition. Venezuela is declared to be the second most corrupt country, and is also the most crime ridden country in Latin America. In Kerala, Crime rate statistics in terms of offences coming under the ambit of the Indian Penal Code during 2012 have put Kerala on top with 455.8 cases for every 1,00,000 persons. There is also corruption which permeates all sections of society. Policy Implications    The first step toward decreasing the income distribution gap is to increase transparency of public funds. When there is high corruption at the federal and state level, government revenues and expenditures may be miscalculated or misguided in order to swindle funds. Making sure that funds are appropriately allocated and that federal assets and liabilities are properly recorded will ensure soundness of the economy. Kerala is one of India’s most unequal states in terms of income inequalities, as 10% of India’s richest lives there. Therefore, Kerala can adopt from Venezuela the policies of social inclusion in order to attain a more equitable society. Other ways the government can decrease the number of people below the poverty is to reduce or eliminate the value-added tax (VAT). The VAT is a regressive tax on consumable goods and services at all stages of production. The VAT takes a larger proportion of a poor person’s income than the wealthy person’s income. Decreasing the VAT will increase disposable income and may stimulate consumption. There should be a constant check on poverty, as that can drag the economy down. In Venezuela, continuing to make sure that the Misiones are effective at increasing living standards will increase is important. The Misiones cannot be a publicity stunt; in order for there to be a decrease in poverty, there must be an increase in the standard of living. Access to low-cost food, high-quality education, and healthcare should not be a privilege of the wealthy, but rather a standard for all. Higher (tertiary) education is developing in Venezuela, and is almost completely neglected in Kerala. Therefore there needs to be policies in place to ensure the enhancement of this education. Increasing scholarships to go to a university will also stimulate growth. Education will increase human capital and will lead to an expansion of the production possibility frontier. In order for education to be most effective for economic growth, curriculum should be up to international standards. In order for there to be an increase in human capital, which will increase the production possibility frontier, universal quality education should be provided. Food shortages and inflation on food are also of international concern. In order to protect the citizens from malnutrition and starvation, the government must continue to provide access to low-cost essential agricultural products. In order to protect the citizens from dropping below the poverty line, the government must increase domestic production of agricultural goods. Since crime and corruption appears to be a common problem faced by both these economic spaces, it is important that a stricter, rigid penal code be in place with its appropriate execution. When the law is strong, the rates of crimes drop. Conclusion Venezuela, a so-called leading Latin-American nation, has still a long way to go in order to transform completely into a ‘developed’ nation. It needs a more deeply-entrenched structural and government change, most preferably a democracy. The current autocratic government is creating an aura of fear for the people to live in, and the extreme socialism is destroying industry and trade. People’s basic and fundamental rights are being compromised upon. Kerala, although one of the most developed states in India, still lacks in a few parameters. Higher education is completely neglected; high rates of crime and murders; widespread corruption, etc. Thus, policy needs to cater to these needs of the hour.

Comparing the Quest for Self in Jane Eyre and Villete Essay -- compari

Quest for Self in Jane Eyre and Villete      Ã‚   "Why is Villette so disagreeable? Because the writer's mind contains nothing but hunger, rebellion and rage." Matthew Arnold, 1853.    Matthew Arnold was certainly forthcoming about the defects of both Charlotte Bronte's   mind and of her novel. Indeed he was not alone in his reaction to her; Anne   Mozley in The Christian Remembrancer ;in April 1853 wrote in reaction to   Bronte's other great work of "rebellion", Jane Eyre, that she had to make   "a protest against the outrages on decorum, the moral perversity, the   toleration, nay, indifference to vice which deform her picture of a   desolate woman" (my italics). Mozley even went far enough to label Jane Eyre a "dangerous book", a sentiment which Arnold's comments show that he shared.   Yes both Villette and Jane Eyre are pervaded by "hunger, rebellion   and rage" but it is this very factor which allows Bronte's protagonists to   explore their own identities in, crucially, their own terms.    That both Jane Eyre and Villette are first person narratives is highly   important. Unlike Catherine Earnshaw, Maggie Tulliver and Isabel Archer, Lucy   Snowe and Jane Eyre are able to define their own stories, and subsequently, to   define themselves. As Tony Tanner stated, Jane's "narrative act is not so much   one of retrieval as of establishing and maintaining her identity" and this can   easily be extended to Lucy. Indeed in Villette the importance of language   to proclaim identity, and therefore power, is demonstrated by Lucy's inability   to speak French when she arrives in Villette " I could say nothing whatever". Of course the role of teaching Lucy to speak French falls to M. Paul  Ã‚   demonstrating the masc... ...ion and rage.    BBIBLIOGRAPHY The Bronte's: The Critical Heritage, ed. Miriam Allott (1974).    "Person, Narrative and Identity in Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre", Tony Tanner   in Teaching the Text ed. S Kappeler.    "Jane Eyre's Interior Design", Karen Chase in Jane Eyre (New Casebook), ed.   Heather Glenn.    "Introduction" to Villette (Penguin,1979), Tony Tanner.    "The Buried Life of Lucy Snowe" and "A Dialogue of Self and Soul: Plain Jane's Progress" in The Mad Woman in the Attic, Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar (2000).    "Charlotte Bronte as a 'Freak Genius'", David Cecil in Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyreand Villette (A Casebook Series) ed. Miriam Allot.    "Three Women's Texts and a Critique of Imperialism", Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in The Feminist Reader ed. Catherine Belsey and Jane Moore (1997).

Acute Ankle Inversion Sprain Health And Social Care Essay

Ankle is a complex articulation which is categorized as a flexible joint articulation. It is one of the of import constituent for ambulation in worlds. Ankle sprains are one of the commonest hurts in sports. It accounts for 20 % of all athleticss hurts ( Bergfeld J ; 2004 ) .In India, incidence rate of mortise joint sprain histories for 0.31 % of the population and the opportunities of re-injury is seen every bit high as 78-80 % despite the continued research in this field ( Statistics for ankle sprain ; 2003 ) . The pathomechanics for ankle inversion hurt is inversion and plantar flexure of the ankle articulation. There is loss of dorsiflexion and inversion scope of gesture which is attributed to trouble and swelling ( Denegar CR et Al ; 2002 ) , ( Collins et Al ; 2004 ) .According to Denegar C et Al ( 2002 ) the loss of dorsiflexion scope of gesture is due to limitation of posterior talar semivowel. This suggests that in an acute mortise joint inversion sprain the loss of dorsiflexion scope of gesture could be due to mechanical disfunction in talocrural articulation. The conventional intervention for acute mortise joint sprain is RICE ( remainder, ice, compaction, lift ) .The chief purpose of conventional intervention ( RICE ) is chiefly to cut down hurting and redness ( Starkey JA ; 1976 ) , ( Slatyer MA et Al ; 1997 ) . The conventional intervention ( RICE ) with early motion is found to be more effectual for cut downing hurting, swelling and bettering mobility ( Dettori et al ; 1994 ) . Because of the ineffectualness of conventional intervention for handling the positional disfunction caused due to acute ankle inversion hurt the joint becomes more susceptible to injury ( Hertel J et Al, 1999 ) . Manual Therapy focuses on decrease of hurting and rectification of the postural and motion disfunction due to ankle sprain. Harmonizing to Maitland classs of mobilisation class I and II mobilisation is used in acute status and class II mobilisation is seem effectual in cut downing hurting and bettering dorsiflexion scope of motion in acute musculoskeletal conditions. Maitland classs of mobilisation improves the ankle dorsiflexion in acute ankle inversion sprain ( Green et Al ; 2001 ) and reduces pain by transition of nervous tissue ( Vincenzino B et Al ; 1998 ) . Harmonizing to Maitland GD ( 1986 ) , inactive articulation mobilisation improves the scope of motion by soft oscillating motion of the articular surfaces that creates motion of the nomadic sections by a means other than the musculuss.According to Collins et Al ( 2004 ) , Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique is effectual in cut downing hurting and improves dorsiflexion of ankle articulation. A individual inst ance survey done by O Brien, B.Vincenzino ( 1998 ) showed that Mulligan Mobilization with motion technique on acute mortise joint sprain improved the scope of motion ( dorsiflexion and inversion ) , functional result and reduced the hurting. Harmonizing to pilot survey conducted by John-Mark Chesney, Erin Morris, Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique and tape had important consequence on temporal and spacial parametric quantities of pace. Immediate lessening in hurting and an early return to map are claimed to be consequence of Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion Mulligan 1995 ; Vincenzino Wright 1995 ; Hetherington 1996 ) . However, the deficiency of equal grounds in literature for the effectivity of Mulligan ‘s anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel with motion technique in acute ankle inversion sprain failed to turn out its clinical and statistical significance in research methods. The above literature besides shows deficiency of surveies done to compar e the effects of Maitland and Mulligan mobilisation technique in intervention of acute ankle inversion sprain. Hence, the purpose of the survey is to happen the immediate consequence of Mulligan ‘s anterior-to-posterior talar mobilisation with motion technique in acute ankle inversion sprain with RICE and compare the consequences with that of Maitland anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel mobilisation with RICE for intervention of acute ankle inversion sprain.REVIEW OF LITERATUREAnkle articulation is a complex articulation due to its articular, ligamentous and sinewy anatomy. The anterior talofibular ligament restricts anterior interlingual rendition and internal rotary motion of talus inside the mortice. The conjugate gesture during plantar flexure happens as internal rotary motion and anterior interlingual rendition of scree aided by deltoid ligament. The calcaneofibular ligament restricts inversion of the talocrural and subtalar articulation. The posterior talofibular ligament restricts inversion and internal rotary motion after calcaneofibular ligament and anterior talofibular ligam ent undergo hurt. Harmonizing to Konradsen and Voight ( 2002 ) an inversion torsion was produced on lading a cadaverous leg, when the unloaded pes was positioned in 30 degree inversion, full plantar flexure and 10 degree internal tibial rotary motion. The hit with 20 grade upside-down pes in swing stage follow through forced the pes into full bound of inversion, plantar flexure and internal tibial rotary motion. Harmonizing to Denegar CR et Al ( 2002 ) in normal biomechanics the instantaneous axis of rotary motion of talocrural articulation translates posteriorly during dorsiflexion, but in anterior malaligned scree or with restricted posterior talar semivowel the axis of rotary motion is shifted anteriorly taking to joint disfunction. Harmonizing to Baumhauer JF et Al ( 1995 ) old history of sprain, limited scope of gesture and decreased dorsiflexor and plantar flexor strength ratio, elevated eversion to inversion ratio have been attributed to predisposing to inversion hurt. Harmonizing to Eren OT et Al ( 2003 ) high malleolar index ( posteriorly positioned calf bone ) is attributed to predisposing factor to twist. Average malleolar index was +11.5 grade in topics with ankle sprain and +5.85 degree in normal controls. Green T in 2001 used a Modified Lidcombe Template to mensurate the hurting free dorsiflexion scope of gesture happening in talocrural articulation. The templet consisted of 2 boards joined by an adjustable flexible joint. One board served as a footplate and other was placed under the topic ‘s calf. The adjustable flexible joint served as the axis of rotary motion of templet in perpendicular plane and the board placed under the topic ‘s calf allowed for accommodation in horizontal plane. The measuring was standardized by mensurating both force applied and the angle of dorsiflexion at which the topic foremost experienced the hurting ( Matyas T, Bach T ; 1985 ) . The force applied was standardized throughout the trail by spring balance and the way of force was standardized by spirit degree attached to the spring. The device showed high intrarater and interrater dependability of which 29 % were in exact understanding and 84.5 % were within 2 grades, ICC=0.94. The conventional direction of mortise joint sprain is RICE in acute phase of hurt. The functional intervention processs with early induction of weight bearing as tolerated, early mobilisation, proprioceptive preparation, balance preparation has been advocated to supply early functional rehabilitation to topics. Harmonizing to Bahr R ( 2004 ) and Bruce Beynnon B, ( 2004 ) the direction of sprain dressed ores on inactive and dynamic stableness, deriving normal ankle scope of gesture, optimum strength of peroneal, dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, and invertor musculuss of mortise joint and retraining ankle scheme. Harmonizing to Kerkhoffs et Al ( 2002 ) functional intervention is superior to immobilisation and surgical intercession in countries of hurting on activity, quality of public presentation on return to sport/work, objectives instability on x-ray positions and patient satisfaction. Manual therapy in ankle inversion sprain Maitland ‘s Mobilization Green et Al ( 2001 ) conducted a randomized controlled test of inactive accoutrement joint mobilisation on acute ankle inversion sprain. The survey included 38 topics with acute ankle inversion sprain ( & lt ; 72hours ) and were indiscriminately assigned to command group ( RICE ) and experimental group ( anterior-to-posterior mobilisation and RICE ) .Treatment was given every 2days for maximal 2weeks.The intervention technique used in this survey was Maitland ‘s class 3 front tooth to posterior talar semivowel of scree. Consequences showed that dorsiflexion improved earlier in experimental group as compared to the control group. Elizabeth L et Al ( 2008 ) conducted a survey in which 10 topics were taken with immobilized mortise joint for at least 14 yearss and presented with at least 5 grade of dorsiflexion shortage compared to contralateral mortise joint. A crossing over design was employed and topics received Maitland ‘s class 3 mobilisation in one group and control intercession ( no intervention ) in other group. Consequences showed that joint mobilisation led to a decrease in hurting and betterments in unpainful dorsiflexion. Mulligan mobilisation with motion technique Collins et Al ( 2004 ) conducted a double-blinded randomized controlled test with a crossing over design attack. In this survey 14 topics with grade 2 mortise joint sprain were taken. The dorsiflexion in weight-bearing and thermic hurting threshold were calculated. All the topics undergo 3 intervention conditions-Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique for dorsiflexion, placebo group and control group ( no intervention ) .Results showed that the talar anterior-to-posterior semivowel improved the recovery rate in intervention with Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique. The survey conducted by Collins N was done on topics with sub ague mortise joint sprain. T O'Brien, B.Vincenzino ( 1998 ) conducted a individual instance survey to look into the effects of Mulligan ‘s with motion technique mobilisation for acute sidelong mortise joint sprain. The technique used in this survey was posterior semivowel to distal fibular while patient actively inverted the mortise joint. In the survey 2 topics with acute mortise joint sprain were used to command for natural declaration of mortise joint sprain. Capable I underwent ABAC protocol while capable II BABAC protocol where A was no intervention stage B was intervention stage and C was post intervention return to feature stage. The result steps Modified Kaikkonen test functional result, VAS for hurting and scope of dorsiflexion and inversion were measured pre and station of each intercession session. Consequences showed rapid betterment of scope of gesture ( inversion and dorsiflexion ) and immediate lessening in hurting. Therefore from the above surveies we can deduce that anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel technique in both Maitland and Mulligan mobilisation is effectual in handling ankle inversion sprain than the RICE protocol entirely. The above surveies besides infer that Maitland ‘s classs of mobilisation is significantly effectual in bettering dorsiflexion scope in acute mortise joint sprain. However, Mulligan ‘s mobilisation had shown effectual consequences in handling mortise joint sprain in subacute status. The survey done by T O'Brien, B.Vincenzino ( 1998 ) shows the effectivity of Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique in bettering dorsiflexion scope of gesture in acute mortise joint sprain but the survey design leads to restriction of generalisation of its findings. However, it does supply the cognition to carry on a random clinical trail in public-service corporation of Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique in the intervention of acute ankle in version sprain and to compare the consequences with Maitland ‘s classs of mobilisation to happen the best effectual intervention method for bettering the recovery rate in ague mortise joint inversion sprain.IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL QUESTIONDoes Mulligan ‘s anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel is effectual in bettering dorsiflexion in topics with acute ankle inversion sprain than Maitland ‘s anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel mobilisation.ALTERNATE HYPOTHESISMulligan ‘s anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel is effectual than Maitland ‘s classs of mobilisation in bettering dorsiflexion scope of gesture in topics with acute ankle inversion sprain.NULL HYPOTHESISMulligan ‘s anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel is non effectual than Maitland ‘s classs of mobilisation in bettering dorsiflexion scope of gesture in topics with acute ankle inversion sprain.MethodologyDesign An Experimental, Comparative, Randomized Controlled Trail design. The survey will be individual blinded to avoid any possible prejudice. The topics will be allocated to 3 group of interventions-Mulligan ‘s anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel with motion technique with RICE, Maitland ‘s anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel mobilisation with RICE, and 3rd group RICE entirely.Outcome step will mensurate the grade of dorsiflexion pre and station to each session which will be measured by the assessor blinded to the allotment of topics to the groups. Subjects The survey will be conducted by enrolling 90 samples through convenience sampling by giving advertizements and notices to orthopaedic and physiotherapy section in MS Ramaiah Memorial infirmary and the infirmaries nearby its environing countries. The topics recruited will be diagnosed for acute ankle inversion sprain and referred by radiotherapist through X-Ray imagination. To keep the homogeneousness of the groups all the topics will be recruited based on Inclusion and exclusion standards. Inclusion criteria-All topics of age group 20-30years of age, History of ankle inversion hurt with hurting over sidelong facet of mortise joint ( & lt ; 72hours ) of hurt, shortage of at least 5 grades of dorsiflexion, topics are able to partial weight bear on affected mortise joint, hurting, swelling and tenderness over sidelong facet of mortise joint. Exclusion criteria-Subjects holding ankle break, any history of old surgery or sprain on affected leg, any consumption of anti-inflammatory or anti -coagulants post hurt, subjects with vascular diseases.ETHICAL APPROVALThe ethical blessing will be taken from Ethical Board of MS Ramaiah Memorial Hospital along with the permission of other infirmaries near by its milieus. Subjects will be given a transcript of informed consent with the inside informations of the survey and the confidentiality of patient ‘s forces information and information obtained after the survey will be maintained. Subjects can retreat from survey at any given point of clip.VENUE/LOCATION OF THE STUDYThe survey will be conducted in MS Ramaiah Memorial Hospital Physiotherapy Department, Bangalore.A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRAIL STUDYAn experimental randomized controlled trail -single blinded survey will be conducted on 90 topics with acute ankle inversion sprain. The technique of the intercessions will be finalized during the survey and side-effects or any mistake in the intercession will be noted and rectified.RESEARCH METHOD AND EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTION 90 samples will be recruited by convenience sampling. The samples will be assessed for acute ankle inversion sprain by X-Ray imaging done by the radiotherapist in radiology section of MS Ramaiah Memorial Hospital. The topics will be indiscriminately assigned to 3 groups by chit method. Each group will be assigned 30 topics. The research worker who will carry on the survey is a qualified physical therapist who specializes in manual therapy. After the allotment of the group the experimental group I will have Mulligan ‘s front tooth to posterior talar semivowel along with active dorsiflexion of mortise joint which will be followed by RICE application. The mobilisation will be performed in weight bearing in which the healer applies a postero-anterior force to distal leg through a intervention belt while stabilising the pes and scree ( Mulligan ; 1999 ) .The experimental group II will have Maitland ‘s anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel ( Grade II ) followed by RICE application. The mobilisation will be performed with capable lying supine and the mortise joint will be positioned over the border of pedestal with proximal manus of healer stabilising the distal shinbone and calf bone while the distal manus will mobilise the scree with posteriorly directed osc illation ( Maitland ; 1977 ) .Group III will have RICE intervention for upper limit of 2 hebdomads. Subjects in experimental group I and II will be treated every 2nd twenty-four hours for upper limit of 2 hebdomads. Therefore 6 Sessionss of intervention over 14 yearss will be done. Three sets of 10 repeats will be applied with 1 minute between sets ( Exelby, 1996 ) in both mobilisation technique. Pain experienced during intervention will ensue in immediate surcease of technique and exclusion of the topic from survey.Result MEASURESDorsiflexion scope of gesture will be measured by Modified Lidcombe templet. The templet enabled standardised measuring of dorsiflexion scope of motion. The axis of rotary motion of mortise joint was aligned with adjustable axis of rotary motion of templet. The spring balance attached to the footplate step the force applied in the standardised way. A hydrogoniometer placed on the footplate measures the scope of dorsiflexion in grades. The templet have a hi gh intrarater and interrater dependability of which 29 % were in exact understanding and 84.5 % were within 2 grades, ICC=0.94. Hydrogoniometer have high intraclass coefficients ( 0.84-0.99 ) which revealed high understanding between the raters ( Lex D.De Jong et Al ; 2007 )RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSISThe dorsiflexion scope of motion measured will be in grades which represent a parametric information. The information collected pre and station of each 6 session in group I and group II will be analyzed by related t trial ( i.e. within the group ) and unrelated T trial will be done to compare between the group I and group II for dependent variable. One manner ANOVA will be used for analysis of informations from all the 3 groups along with Scheffe trial to happen the most effectual group for intervention of acute ankle inversion sprain. The degree of significance will be set at 0.5 ; the chance will be calculated based on the T value with grade of freedom tabular array. The assurance inter val will be kept to 95 % .ANNEXUREPROJECT TIMELINEThe overall estimated clip required for the completion of the survey is 8months i.e. 1 month for ethical clearance, 4 months for the randomized controlled trail, informations aggregation and information analysis, 1 month for composing up and showing consequences and 2 months for printing consequences. Undertakings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ethical clearance+Randomized controlled trail & A ; amend informations aggregation tools+Data aggregation+++Datas analysis++Writing up & A ; showing consequences+Printing consequences++BudgetThe overall appraisal of the budget is Rs30, 000 which includes X-RAY imaging – Rs20, 000 ( 90 topics ) Modified Lidcombe Template and hydrogoniometer – Rs5000 Stationary – Rs1000 Transportation system and refreshments – Rs4000INFORMED CONSENTIntroduction This is an informed consent given to a topic who wishes to take part in research survey. Please red the informed consent carefully or you can inquire anyone of your relation who you trust can read this informed consent for you in your linguistic communication by interpreting it. Please experience free to inquire any inquiries you have about this informed consent or research survey in your head. Please sign the consent signifier merely after you have no uncertainties about the research survey or consent signifier. Make non subscribe the consent signifier under any sort of force per unit area. Title of Research Project Immediate effects of Mulligan ‘s anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel with motion technique versus Maitland ‘s anterior-to-posterior talar semivowel for hurting free dorsiflexion in acute ankle inversion sprain. Research worker SUMIT KIMOTHI M. Sc in Clinical Physiotherapy. Purpose Of Study Acute mortise joint sprain has high per centum re-injury. Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique helps in bettering dorsiflexion scope of gesture by rectification of positional disfunction of articulation. This survey is to happen the consequence of Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique and compare it with effects of Maitland ‘s classs of mobilisation in intervention of acute ankle inversion sprain. Description of Study After being diagnosed with acute ankle inversion sprain you will be sent to the physical therapy section in physical therapy section. The research worker will explicate you about the intervention technique and the survey and an informed consent will be given to you based on your determination your engagement will be decided. If you wish to take part a intervention technique selected for the several group in which you will allocated will be performed on you and the appraisal will be taken earlier and after the intervention session. The continuance of intervention is 2 hebdomads and if there is any alterations, you will be informed prior. Possible Hazards or Complication The intervention technique itself has no side-effects or complication and it will be performed by a qualified physical therapist in Manual Therapy. Treatment Alternative If the therapy is non effectual to you, you will be provided with an alternate intervention with free of cost. Fiscal Deductions All the disbursals sing the research work including the probe, transit, nutrient disbursals and intervention will be free of cost. Potential Benefits The survey may be good to society and persons of similar status. You can profit by bettering you status with aid of this intervention. Engagement Engagement in this research survey is voluntary. If the participant wants to retreat he/she can retreat at any given point of clip.CONSENT FORMI have read the predating information, or it has been read to me. I have had the chance to inquire inquiries about it and any inquiries that I have asked have been answered to my satisfaction. I consent voluntarily to take part as a participant in this research and understand that I have the right to retreat from the research at any clip without in any manner impacting my medical attention. Name of the participant _____________________ Signature of participant _____________________ Date: _____________________ Day/month/year ___________________If nonreaderA literate informant must subscribe ( if possible, this individual should be selected by the participant and should hold no connexion to the research squad ) . I have witnessed the accurate reading of the consent signifier to the possible participant, and the person has had the chance to inquire inquiries. I confirm that the person has given consent freely. Name of informant ___________________ AND Thumb print of participant Signature of informant ___________________ Date: ______________ Day/month/year ______________ I have accurately read or witnessed the accurate reading of the consent signifier to the possible participant, and the person has had the chance to inquire inquiries. I confirm that the person has given consent freely. Print Name of Researcher _________________ Signature of Researcher ___________________ Date __________ Day/month/year ____________ A transcript of this Informed Consent Form has been provided to participant ____________ ( initialed by the researcher/assistant ) For more information contact: Sumit Kimothi M. Sc in clinical physical therapy, MS Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, Bangalore. 9916261101ASSESSMENT CHARTName: Age: Sexual activity: Site of Disorder: Mode of Treatment: Measurement: Parameters Before Treatment After Treatment Dorsiflexion scope of gesture Signature of Clinician: Signature of Chief Physiotherapist:

The Gaze a Critical of the Female Figure in Art and Advertising

Ideas and Perspectives Module 2012/2013 Claire Hynds The Gaze A Critical of the Female Figure in Art and Advertising 22/01/2013 Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Chapter 1: History of ‘The Nude’ within European oil Paintings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5-6 Chapter 2: Susanna and the Elders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6-10 Chapter 3: The Vanity of Women†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10-11 Chapter 4: Helene Fourment in a Fur Coat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11-12 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 List of Illustrations Peter Paul Rubens Susanna and the Elders (1636-40)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Artemisa Gentileschi Susanna and the Elders (1610)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Tintoretto Susanna and the Elders (1555-56)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Rubens Helene Fourment in a Fur Coat (1577-1640)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Introduction Women have often been observed in society as being different from a man. A man’s presence is seen as being a powerful force; whereas a woman’s presence has been depicted as being a physical emanation, a kind of heat. It has been said that from a young age a woman has been taught to constantly watch her every move, whether it be her walking across a room, or whilst weeping at the death of a loved one.To be born a woman was said to have been born within a confined space, or into the keeping of a man. Throughout history men have always surveyed a woman before they considered treating them. Consequently how a man treats a woman can be determined by many things, for instance if a woman is to throw a glass on the floor, this is how she expresses her anger towards a situation and how she would like it to be perceived by others, yet if a man was to do the same this would be read as an expression of his anger. As John Berger states in ‘Ways of Seeing’ (P. 47) Men act and wome n appear. Men look at women.Women watch themselves being looked at. This determines not only most relations between men and women but also the relation of women themselves. â€Å"The surveyor of women in herself is male: the surveyed is female. Thus she turns herself into an object and most particularly an object of vision: a sight† (John Berger ‘Ways of Seeing’ Page. 47) Chapter 1 History of ‘The Nude’ within European oil Paintings In the history of European oil painting it has been said that women were known for being the primary and ever-recurring subject. In the subject of women they were best known for being painted in the nude.It is said that the first nudes to have been depicted in the history of art was that of Adam and Eve. John Berger has stated (P. 47) that is was worth mentioning the story of Adam and Eve as told in Genesis: ‘And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof and did eat; and she gave also unto her husband with her, and he did eat. And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig-leaves together and made themselves aprons†¦.And the Lord God called unto the man and said unto him, â€Å"Where are thou? † And he said, â€Å"I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself†¦. Unto the woman God said, â€Å"I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband and he shall rule over thee† What is found striking about this particular story is how Adam and Eve become aware of each other’s nakedness the exact moment they take a bite of the forbidden fruit, as a result of this they saw one another in a completely different way.Nakedness was created in the mind of the beholder. Wha t is also striking about this story is how the woman is blamed and made to suffer by being made to serve the man. As the traditions of paintings become more secular, other themes are offered up as an opportunity for painting nudes. But in all of them there remains the fact that the subject (a woman) is all too aware of being watched by the spectator. ‘She is not naked as she is. She is naked as the spectator sees her. ’ (John Berger ‘Ways of Seeing. Page. 50) Chapter 2 Susannah and the EldersSusanna and the Elders was one of the most popular images of the sixteenth century, these pieces were taken from the Old Testament story of Susanna and the Elders. The images that were done of Susanna and the Elders were depicted from specific passages from the 13th Chapter of the book of Daniel. Unlike most versions of Susanna and the Elders, the Schonborn painting presents the central confrontation between the main characters, the exact moment within the story when the Elder s return to the garden to seduce Susanna. Mary Garrard (â€Å"Artemisia and Susanna†, Feminism and Art History: Questioning the Litany, Norma Broude and Mary D.Garrard, eds. , pp. 146-171) had this to say on her account of these paintings: Few artistic themes have offered so satisfying an opportunity for legitimized voyeurism as Susanna and the Elders. The subject was taken up by relish by artists from the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries as an opportunity to display the female nude, in much the same spirit that such themes as Danae or Lucretia were approached, but with the added advantage that the nude's erotic could be heightened by the presence of two lecherous old men, whose inclusion was both ichnographically justified and pornographically effective. The story of Susanna and the Elders is seen as a remarkable testament of the man’s ego, a biblical theme of the exemplum of a female’s chastity which shows the celebration of sexual opportunity. Or as Max Rooses enthusiastically described Ruben’s version of the story as a â€Å"gallant enterprise mounted by two adventures†. Peter Paul Rubens, Susanna and the Elders, 1636-40 Griselda Pollock (Differencing the Canon, p. 105) states the following on the subject of Susanna and the Elder’s. â€Å"The biblical story of Susanna and theElders tells of a young married Jewish woman living in Babylon during the first exile of the Jewish people (after 586 BCE. ). Susanna is bathing in her garden. She sends her two maids into the house to fetch oil and perfumes for her bath. Two lecherous elders of the community spy on her, conspiring to force her to submit to them sexually. They threaten her that, if she refuses, they will denounce her of adultery with another man, adultery being, according to ancient Jewish law, a capital crime for women.Susanna refuses, preferring the fate of death to the sin they propose. She is then falsely accused by the elders and condemned to death. Daniel, of leonine fame, vindicates Susanna by exposing the elders' mendacity. Interrogating them separately, he asks them under which tree Susanna committed adultery. Each names a different kind of tree. They are then executed for the crime of false witness. † This story is seen as a complex narrative of sexual desire and visual temptation.During the Renaissance the focus of the woman’s nakedness while bathing is exposed to a lecherous conspiracy which emphasized the sexual, voyeuristic and visually violating aspects of the theme, while at the same time providing a biblical and even a theological justification of the painting as an erotic female nude, a genre that was emerging in this period, shifting the focus of the female nude from its traditional association with truth towards a more modern signification of desire and its privileged visuality.Garrard and Pollock’s focus on the subject of Susanna and the Elders is of a painting based on the same subject by A rtemisia Gentileschi. Artemisa Gentileschi, Susanna and the Elders, 1610. In one of the many versions of Susanna and the Elders by Tintoretto, Susanna is seen looking at herself in the mirror. In turn she becomes the spectator herself. Tintoretto, Susanna and the Elders, 1555-56. Mary Garrard Mary Garrard (â€Å"Artemisia and Susanna†, Feminism and Art History: Questioning the Litany, Norma Broude and Mary D.Garrard, eds. , pp. 149-150) presented the following on Tintoretto’s painting of Susanna stating: â€Å"Tintoretto, whose adventurers stage their advance in a manner more sneaky than bold, nonetheless offers a representative depiction of the theme in his emphasis upon Susanna’s voluptuous body and upon the Elders’ ingenuity in getting a closer look at it. † Chapter 3 The Vanity of Women The Mirror was often used within paintings to show the vanity of women. The moralizing, however, was seen as being quite hypocritical. You painted a naked woman because you enjoy looking at her, you put a mirror in her hand and you called the painting ‘Vanity’, thus morally condemning the woman whose nakedness you had depicted for your own pleasure†. (John Berger, ‘Ways of Seeing’, P. 51) The main function of the mirror was to make the woman notice herself and see what men see her as, a sight. It is a well-known fact that some paintings do include a male lover. However, the woman’s attention isn’t always directed straight at him.The woman is usually panting looking away from the man or she is seen looking out of the painting supposedly looking towards her true love, or in this case the spectator-owner. In one instance of this type of theme is that of Lely’s painting titled ‘Nell Gwynne’ at painting done especially for the king of that time. In this piece it is clear that the woman is looking passively out of the painting at the spectator, in this case the spectator turns out to be the king. However, Nell’s nakedness was not the expression of her own feelings, but instead was the sign of her submission to the king’s demands. Chapter 4 Helene Fourment in a Fur CoatOne painting that was found to be particularly fascinating was that of Ruben’s young second wife, who he had happily married even though he was, at the time, quite old. Rubens ‘Helene Fourment in a Fur Coat’ 1577-1640 In this piece we see Ruben’s wife in the mist of turning, as she does her fur coat begins to gradually slip off her shoulders. It is clear that if she continues with what she is doing she will not remain covered for very much longer. As her body faces us, even if it isn’t full frontal, it is shown as being a well experienced body. Her appearance has, in the eye of the painter, been altered bye his subjectivity.As John Berger (‘Ways of Seeing’, P. 61) describes ‘There is a displacement sideways of about nine inchesà ¢â‚¬â„¢. If looked at closely it is easy to work out that her thighs, where they are meant to join up with her hips, are seen to be at least a couple of inches apart from the left side of her body. Conclusion The ways of seeing a woman and the way they are presented within a painting have not changed. Women were depicted as being different from men, not because of the difference between feminism and masculinity, but because the spectator is often assumed to be a man and a painting of a naked woman were designed to flatter him. In the art-form of the European nude the painters and spectator-owners were usually men and the persons treated as objects, usually women. This unequal relationship is so deeply embedded in our culture that it still structures the consciousness of many women. They do to themselves what men do to them. They survey, like men, their own femininity†. (John Berger, ‘Ways of Seeing’, P. 63) In the end what was found was quite remarkable and found that women were often observed in society as being different from a man. It just goes to show that even in paintings women will always be seen as objects and nothing more.Bibliography Books: Berger, J. (1972) Ways of Seeing. London: Penguin Books. McMillan, K. Weyes, J. (2011) How to Write Essays & Assignments. 2nd ed. Ashford: Pearson Educations Limited. D’Alleva, A. (2010) How to Write Art History. 2nd ed. London: Laurence King Publishing. Broude, N. Garrard, M. D. (1982) Feminism and Art History: Questioning the Litany. 1st ed. New York: Harper & Row. Websites Tilt, S. (2011) Susanna and the Elders [Online]. Available at: http://employees. oneonta. edu/farberas/arth/arth200/women/susanna. html [Accessed: 14 January 2013]

Jacob A. Lawrence essays

Jacob A. Lawrence essays 1. Born September 17, 1917 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the oldest of three children living with a single mother. 2. His mother enrolled him in an after-school program run by painter Charles Alston, who had great influence on his artistic development. 1. He secured a two-year scholarship to the American Arts School in New 2. In 1943 Lawrence was drafted into the U. S. Coast Guard, where he was assigned to the first racially integrated ship in U. S. naval history, traveling to Italy, England, Egypt and India during his tour of duty. 1. In 1971, he accepted a tenured position at the University of Washington, serving as the head of the Art Department, and retiring as professor emeritus in 1986. 2. Died on June 9, 2000 at the age of 82 at his home in Seattle, Washington. 1. The Migrations of the Negro series (60 panels) shows the migration of over a million African Americans from the South to industrial cities in the North between 1910 and 1940. 2. The Harlem series (over 30 paintings) completed in 1943 has been lauded by critics as being even more successful than the Migrations panels. 3. Today, his works can be found in almost 200 museum collections. 1. National Medal of Arts received from Pres. George Bush in 1990. 2. First visual artist to receive the Springarn Medal, the NAACPs highest honor in 1970. 3. More than 18 honorary doctorate degrees from universities, including Harvard, Yale and Howard. 1. First African American artist to be represented by a major commercial gallery. 2. First African American artist to receive sustained mainstream recognition in the United States. ...

Why Teachers Need Plot, Emotion and Story

Why Teachers Need Plot, Emotion and Story Why Teachers Need Plot, Emotion and Story Why Teachers Need Plot, Emotion and Story By Michael Students like stories. Teachers know that stories keep their interest. But plot, emotion, character, conflict and theme the tools of a fiction writer can be power tools for educators as well. Having an attitude in class Learning theorists have taught that students learn when they feel the need to; that in a sense, they create their own learning. Because emotion and character come from who we are, a lesson with a story motivates students to learn. When a problem is part of a story when it involves people finding a solution feels more urgent. When a California textbook talks about California earthquakes, California students pay attention. When two geological plates slip past each other and the earth quakes under the ocean, thats interesting to some students. But when it causes a tsunami and destroys peoples homes, that introduces conflict, plot, and emotion. Students remember information better in a story form. It helps me remember that Napoleons 1812 invasion of Russia was unsuccessful when I imagine how he must have felt afterwards. For one thing, he must have felt cold which helps me remember the invasion ended in winter. Even math teachers need plot, emotion, and story. Children can understand a word problem better when there is a story line to it. I may not remember the exact answer to a mathematical word problem about John preparing dinner in the kitchen, but I might remember or estimate whether John ends up with too much or too little. Will John get his fill with two cups of food, or must he squeeze by on only half a cup? When the plot (and a hungry boy) depend on the answer, children are more likely to want to understand it. The story makes the problem more interesting to the student. If the teacher or textbook takes no attitude toward the subject, students may not bother to take one either, or even pay any attention. The lecturer ends up sounding like a washing machine, and students can tell he or she is probably not trying very hard. Using emotion to get into college I remember new vocabulary words because I categorize them according to how they make me feel. I may not know the exact definition of equanimity but I know its a happy word. Im not sure I can define opprobrium either, but I know its not a happy word. I didnt learn either word from a dictionary but from my reading, where I have gathered their general meaning by repeatedly seeing them either in happy or unhappy contexts. This technique of finding emotion is at the center of the strategy I teach for taking standardized college entrance exams such as the SAT. It works because many verbal test questions are little stories, with plot and emotion. 14. Though many Americans in late 1864 viewed Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation with opprobrium, they greeted the capture of Atlanta with _______________. a. indifference b. elation c. derision d. trepidation As long as I have the feeling that opprobrium is not a happy word, I can answer that question correctly even if I hardly understand anything else. I dont have to know the history of the American Civil War, the role of President Abraham Lincoln, what the Emancipation Proclamation was, or even what, who, or where Atlanta is. I just need to imagine a crowd of Americans in 1864 hearing the latest news. The key to understanding this class of question is the conjunctive adverb though, which always tells us that the second clause carries a different emotion than the first clause. Now I know that the answer in the second clause must be a happy word, because the first clause has an unhappy word. So to answer the question correctly, I simply need to choose the happy word from the list. Again, I dont need to be able to define any of the words in the list, only to recognize whether they are happy words or not. To make the process simple, I mentally translate the question into: Though the first thingamabob was [not happy], the second thingamabob was __________. a. not happy b. happy c. not happy d. not happy I could use the same simplification technique with the conjunction but, as in The first thingamabob was [attractive, safe, whatever], but the second thingamabob was [the opposite]. The construction not only but tells us the opposite of though, that the second clause is giving us more of the same emotion as in the first clause: Not only was the thingamabob [useful], but it was [very useful, essential]. I use the slang word thingamabob to mean that it doesnt even matter what the thing actually is. What matters is the emotion in the clauses. It may sound like a vague technique, but by using it, I have achieved almost perfect scores on similar test sections in the PSAT, SAT, and GRE. Why tell stories? History is one of my favorite subjects. Even in elementary school, I would read ahead in my history book it had stories, after all. But at an earlier point in my life, I didnt appreciate history. History can be boring when teachers dont relate facts to human nature. I remember asking a teacher why we needed to study it. I wondered why we needed to learn about events that happened to other people long ago. My teacher explained that the stories of others can help us when were in similar situations. I read about a doctor who never expected to use what he had learned in his History of Medicine class, until he found himself in a prison camp without modern tools and treatments. In times of prosperity, we can draw lessons from other prosperous societies. When hard times come, its useful to know how other generations weathered hard times before us. A story is not just a way to make a lesson more interesting. A story can be the lesson itself. In December 1948, Israeli troops found the main road blocked to the central Egyptian garrison in the Negev desert. But Israeli general Yigael Yadin, an archaeologist by training, knew where a second road was. It had been abandoned thousands of years before, but with a little work, his troops made it through because their general knew old stories. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Awoken or Awakened?50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases

Adjectives vs Adverbs in SAT Writing Practice + Tips

Adjectives vs Adverbs in SAT Writing Practice + Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You may recall the good ol’ days of elementary school when you learned about adjectives and adverbs. If you had realized that you would have to know about these parts of speech for the SAT, perhaps you would have paid better attention instead of daydreaming about Nickelodeon and The Disney Channel. Don’t worry. If you’ve forgotten or never learned about these parts of speech, I’ll teach you everything you need to know about them for the SAT Writing section. In this grammarguide, I'll do the following: Define an adjective. Define an adverb. Review the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives. Explain how adjectives and adverbs are tested in SAT Writing. Provide practice questions to test you on what you've learned. What is an Adjective? Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns. Here are some example sentences with adjectives: He is disgusting. The adjective is "disgusting" because it modifies "he". I turned in my horrendous report. The adjective is "horrendous" because it modifies the report. My cat is docile. The adjective is "docile" because it modifies the cat. You can think of adjectives as words that describe nouns. What is an Adverb? So, in elementary school, you may have learned that adverbs modify verbs, but that’s not all. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. This is an example of an adverb modifying a verb: He writes slowly. The adverb is "slowly" because it modifies the verb "writes". The adverb is used to describe how he writes. Check out this example of an adverb modifying an adjective: Her muscles are extremely large. The adverb is "extremely" because it modifies the adjective "large". The adverb is used to describe the degree of largeness of her muscles. The word "large" is an adjective because it modifies the noun "muscles". Here is an example of an adverb modifying another adverb: The politician speaks very well. The word "very" is an adverb because it modifies the adverb "well". The word "well" is an adverb because it modifies the verb "speaks". From looking at the example sentences, you may have noticed that adjectives and adverbs tend to have different constructions. Adverb Construction Adverbs are usually formed by adding "ly" to the adjective. For adjectives that end in "y", the adverb is formed by adding "ily". So, for example, "slow" becomes "slowly", "quiet" becomes "quietly", "careful" becomes "carefully", and "noisy" becomes "noisily". There are irregularly formed adverbs, such as "good" that becomes "well" in the adverb form. However, the SAT will not specifically test you on irregular adverbs. So, how will adjectives and adverbs be tested on the SAT Writing section? Adjectives Vs. Adverbs on the SAT On the SAT, adverbs and adjectives are switched with one another. Most often, an adjective will be underlined when the wordshouldbe in the adverb form. Less often, but occasionally, an adverb will be underlined when the word should be in the adjective form. This is an example of the type of sentence that may appear on the SAT: When I saw my doctor, he examined me careful. If you aren't reading closely, the example sentence might seem perfectly fine to you. However, the word "careful" is functioning as an adverb in the sentence. Why? The word "careful" modifies the verb "examined". Therefore, "careful" should be in the adverb form. This is the corrected version of the sentence: When I saw my doctor, he examined me carefully. This is an example of an adjective being incorrectly used as an adverb: Because her workout was excruciatingly, she could barely lift her fork to eat her dinner. The word "excruciatingly" is modifying the workout. Because "workout" is a noun, "excruciatingly" is an adjective and should not be in the adverb form. This is how the sentence should read: Because her workout was excruciating, she could barely lift her fork to eat her dinner. Here are some simple strategies to help you determine whether a word should be in the adjective or adverb form. Strategy Determine what word an adjective/adverb is modifying. Then, determine the part of speech of the word that is being modified. If a word modifies a noun, use the adjective form. If a word modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb, use the adverb form. Let's use what we've learned to tackle some real SAT questions. Real SAT Writing Examples Try to determine if there is an adjective/adverb error in the following sentence. Explanation: At first glance, none of the underlined phrases may seem incorrect to you. However, let's take a look at answer choice C. The word "effective" is in the adjective form, but what is its function in the sentence? The word "effective" is describing how the effects have been described. The word "effective" is modifying the verb "have described". Therefore, "effective" should be in the adverb form, "effectively". Here's one more example from a real SAT. Explanation:So, this question is slightly more difficult. Is there an error? Yes. But where? The answer is A. So, â€Å"clever† is describing how the reservoir was designed. In the sentence, â€Å"designed† is actually a participle. A participle is a form of a verb that functions as an adjective. Here, â€Å"designed† is modifying the reservoir. However, even if you thought â€Å"designed† was a typical verb, the word â€Å"clever† should still be in the adverb form. The reservoir was cleverly designed. Also, "clever" is in the adjective form. The only noun "clever" could possibly modify is "reservoir". Would a reservoir be described as clever? No. The way the reservoir was designed was clever. It was cleverly designed. A cleverly designed reservoir The good news is that you won't see a harder adverb question than that one an your SAT. Now, let's take a look at another rule involving adjectives. Comparatives Vs. Superlatives (aka -er vs -est) Comparatives The comparative form of an adjective is created by adding "er" to the adjective or "more" plus the adjective. Examples of comparatives include "faster", "stronger", and "more exhilarating". You cannot use "more" and the "er" form of a word. You cannot write "more stronger" or "more faster". Also, the comparative form can only be used when you are comparing two things. Here is an example of the comparative form being used incorrectly: Between Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, Christina is the more better singer. Again, you can't use "more" with the comparative form of a word. The word "better" is the comparative form of good ("better" is irregularly formed). This is the corrected version of the sentence: Between Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, Christina is the better singer. The comparative form is used when you're comparing two things. What is the proper form to use when you're comparing three or more things? Superlatives When comparing three or more things, use the superlative form. A superlative is formed by adding "est" to the adjective or by putting "most" in front of the adjective. Examples of superlatives include "fastest", "strongest", and "most exhilarating". You cannot use "most" and the "est" form of a word together. You cannot write "most fastest" or "most strongest". Here is an example of an error with a superlative: Of all the breakfast cereals, Apple Jacks is the most tastiest. Be on the lookout for sentences with "most" and the "est" superlative form. You can only use "most" plus the adjective or the superlative "est" form of the adjective. You can never use both together. Apple Jacks are tastier than Cheerios. Comparatives and Superlatives on SAT Writing Most likely, you will only see a maximum of one or two questions on the SAT testing your knowledge of comparatives and superlatives. All you have to remember is proper construction of the comparative and superlative forms, and you need to know to use the comparative form when comparing two things and the superlative form when comparing three or more things. This is an example of the hardest type of comparative/superlative sentence I've seen on an SAT: Between Joe and his brother, Joe is the stronger and more intelligent. Often, students will be tempted to use the superlatives "strongest" or "most intelligent" in this sentence. However, because we are only comparing two things, we have to use the comparative form. The example sentence is correct. Strategy If you see a comparative, make sure only two things are being compared. Also, make sure that "more" and the comparative "er" form are not being used together. If you notice a superlative, make sure three or more things are being compared. Also, make sure that "most" and the superlative "est" form are not being used together. Now, let's check out an example from a real SAT. Real SAT Writing Example Determine whether there is an error in this sentence taken from an actual SAT. Explanation: Do you see the error? Hopefully. Find the incorrectly formed comparative. You cannot write "more stronger". The word "more" does not belong with the comparative "er" form of the adjective "strong". The answer is B. At this point, we've covered all the specific types of questions involving adjectives and adverbs on the SAT Writing section. Here are some tips to help you identify and correctly answer all adjective and adverb questions on the SAT. General Strategies for Adjectives and Adverbs on the SAT #1: If an Adjective or Adverb is Underlined, Make Sure the Word is Being Used Correctly In any of the subsections (sentence improvement, identify the error, paragraph improvement), if an adjective/adverb is underlined, make sure the word is being used correctly. Most adjective/adverb questions are found in the identify the error subsection. Generally, mistakes on adjective/adverb questions are due to carelessness. By checking to see that underlined adjectives/adverbs are being used correctly, you will be less likely to make a mistake. #2: Determine the Part of Speech of the Word that the Adjective/Adverb is Modifying If you know the functions of adjectives and adverbs and you can correctly determine the part of speech that an adjective/adverb is modifying, you should never miss an adjective/adverb question. #3: If a Comparative or Superlative is Underlined, Make Sure the Word is Being Used Correctly Keep in mind that comparatives compare two things and superlatives compare three or more. Comparatives are formed by placing "more" in front of the adjective or by adding "er" at the end of the word, but you can never use "more" with the "er" form. Similarly, superlatives are formed by placing "most" in front of the adjective or by adding "est" at the end of the word, but you can never use "most" with the "est" form of the word. I assume we feel comfortable with adjectives and adverbs now. Let's do some realistic SAT practice questions that I created for you. Additional Realistic SAT Writing Practice Questions Use the general strategies I provided and your knowledge of adjectives and adverbs to answer these practice questions. 1. For(A) most of my life, I have resided in the incredibly(B) diverse city of Los Angeles, a dense(C) populated urban(D) area in California. No Error (E) 2. After seeing(A) my uncle for the first time in ten years, I was shocked(B) by how dramatic(C) he had aged (D). No Error (E) 3. Between(A) the SAT and(B) the ACT, the SAT has more sections(C) and the ACT has the longest(D) sections. No Error (E) 4. When I visited(A) Marc in New York, I entered his filthy(B) room for the first time and was shocked by(C) how overwhelmingly disgusting(D) it appeared. No Error (E) 5. Even though she(A) struggles with grammar, Jamie was able to correctly(B) identify the error in the sentence by looking(C) at the sentence close. (D) No Error (E) Answers: 1. C, 2. C, 3. D, 4. E, 5. D What's Next? Continue your journey to total SAT Writing mastery. Make sure you know what's actually tested on SAT Writing. For detailed strategies on how to get that awe-inspiring perfect SAT Writing score, read about how to achieve perfection on SAT Writing from a perfect scorer. Are you hoping to get a perfect combined SAT score? Learn how to do that from somebody who got a perfect SAT score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Diversity in the Work Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diversity in the Work Environment - Essay Example Diversity is the guide for innovative thinking, entrepreneurial spirit and new methods of building the communities. According to Abbasi, & Hollman (1991) that Diversity as a concept is one that welcomes numerous ways of thinking and expression as important business resources for the reason that those differences can create new and innovative product and service ideas and methods of problem solving. Carr-Ruffino, (1996) said that managing diversity is considered as planning and implementing business systems and practices to direct people so that the probable advantages of diversity are maximized while its probable disadvantages are minimized. Managing diversity well presents a unique advantage in a time when flexibility and creativity are keys to competitiveness. A business needs to be flexible and adjustable to attain new customer desires. We live in time where understanding diversity is becoming more vital than ever. The word diversity has assumed new significance all throughout the past few years. Diversity has turn out to be related with positive action programs and cultural or gender-based sensitivity training. Yet diverse does exactly explain these days a usual firm's workers, independent contractors and customers. In this situation, it merely describes reality. The diversity issues are now considered important and are projected to turn into even more essential in the future due to growing differences in the population. Businesses' need to focus on diversity and look for ways to develop into totally inclusive organizations for the reason that diversity has the potential of yielding greater productivity and competitive advantages. Diversity is an important competitive asset that cannot afford to overlook. Managing and valuing diversity is a key component of effective people management, which can develop workplace productivity. Demographic changes will necessitate organizations to review the management practices and extend new and creative approaches to mana ging people. Changes will enhance work performance and customer service. Operating in a global economy presents vital challenges to businesses. On the human resources side of the equation, assembling a diverse workforce can be component of an effective overall strategy to stay competitive and create more employee and customer loyalty. The diversity of workforce is a through reflection of the organization and the appreciation of the benefits a diverse workforce has to offer. Diversity recruiting is becoming more and more significant as the world turned into more global. At first, legal compliance was the main driver behind most diversity recruiting. It's essential to recruit diverse individuals not merely for the reason that numerous corporations must operate facilities at multiple locations around the globe, but also for the reason that they need diverse-thinking individuals to design products that will be in high demand in every major country. In a global economy, having a diverse workforce is no longer an alternative. It has developed into an absolute r equirement for victory in a global economy. Various organizations have established processes and procedures for

Develop Alternative energy supply system Research Paper

Develop Alternative energy supply system - Research Paper Example Under the proposition, solar panels and wind turbines have been proposed. These energy supply projects have arisen after the evaluation of the area that the Bambui community is located. Considering that, the proposed energy project incorporate the use of alternative energy sources obtained from natural sources, it is important to determine the advantages of these energy sources. One is that they are infinite, unlike the hydroelectric power source whereby water can dry out [2]. For example wind, can wind die out? It cannot. The sources of alternative energy sources are free. However, they are society and location particulate, which is the case in Bambui. Weather conditions have to be considered, the source, and geographical location. In addition, there is minimal risk of exposure to hazards and little harm to the environment [3]. The objective of this paper is to develop and suggest an alternative energy supply system for the Bambui community considering all pros and cons of the

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The Third Sector - Essay Example Environmental advocates, civil rights groups, and public awareness promoters all fall into the Third Sector. Some groups work on a very local level while others are national and international in scope, and everyone will, at some point, take advantage of the services they provide. While the number of organizations is large, and their missions widely different, they all share the common goal of serving the public by mobilizing donors and volunteers in a belief that individuals coming together for a shared purpose can make a difference in the world we live in. The Third Sector is grouped together according to the services they provide. The organizations within the group often serve similar if not identical functions such as within education. With education as a common denominator, the institutions will work together to promote the value of their services and work to provide greater availability and access. Groups will form coalitions to lobby for effective legislation that will allow them to function more effectively. Often times, groups such as the Red Cross and hospitals will share resources in an effort to deal with a natural disaster.

Polygraphs Roles in Detection Physically and Mentally on Suspects Research Paper

Polygraphs Roles in Detection Physically and Mentally on Suspects - Research Paper Example Victims of sexual assault may not be able to justify the events that led to the assault thus calling for the use of the polygraph on the perpetrators in order, to tell the truth regarding such events. In criminal investigations, the perpetrators are bound to display various post-traumatic stress disorders such as anxiety and other emotional attributes that help the polygraph to detect the truth on a certain matter with ease (Rathus, 2010). The use of polygraphs has been employed by many prosecutors in the court of law to justify the truth on the case in the litigation, which helps to the criminal investigation. The polygraph is used in the military interrogations whereby the examiner of the polygraph detects the truth concerning the military information from a suspect. The polygraph may extend its purpose to the military personnel in order to assist them in to detect a post-traumatic stress disorder that may affect their emotions and behaviors especially after a combat in battles. A suspect holding military information is treated as a threat especially when such an individual is not in the discipline forces, which, therefore, requires the use of the polygraph in order to unravel the truth of such information. Military personnel is subjected to post-traumatic stress disorders after a series of combat, which, therefore, calls for the use of the polygraph in order to assist such a person in dealing with emotional and behavioral changes that follow major combats. The polygraphs enable an examiner to identify the emotional and behavioral changes that befall a military personnel thus helping the examiner to address the challenging issues, which subsequently enables the military personnel to cope with any post-traumatic stress disorders.

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Project management - Essay Example It is fundamentally due to this particular reason that organizations need to build both effective as well as efficient teams as well as individuals so that organizational goals can be accomplished with ease. However, assigning proper roles and responsibilities to the employees at the individual level as well as team level is also important so that they can contribute towards the accomplishments of the organisation. These aspects are further argued to be highly crucial in the field of sales and marketing which act as the major constituent and driving force of organisational productivity. It has been apparently observed in this context that the roles of employees in this section of business are different from other organisational dimension. The primary roles of the employees in this area are to follow and accomplish the goals and targets of the organization. He/she should be clear about what the organization expects from them and deliver accordingly. Furthermore, the employees should b e more involved towards the operations of the organization in accordance with the set standards and organisational vision. Alongside, the employees must be essentially motivated to strive for better performance continuously. Moreover, the employees of the organization should also need to be innovative in implementing new sales and marketing systems being adequately aware of the determined objectives so that the chances of any sort of error can be minimised efficiently (Griffin & Moorehead, 2009). Additionally, at the team level, the employees need to understand their roles and responsibilities for the organization and deliver their performance accordingly. All the employees in the team should work with equal dedication for the overall accomplishment of organisational goals and should provide topmost priority to the organizational targets rather than individual’s own interests. This aspect can be determined as a vital contribution for the team, towards the marketing and sales department of the organization (Griffin & Moorehead, 2009). 1.2. Project Scope & Process Type Required It has been noted that the implementation of a new sales and marketing system will be vital and advantageous to facilitate the performance of the company in terms of increasing revenue and brand value. In this context, it can be affirmed that implementation of a new sales and marketing system is quite likely to standardize the entire process of sales and marketing of the company. As sales and marketing acts as the backbone of any organization, this aspect is considered to be highly crucial. Furthermore, it has been noted that with the incorporation of a new sales system in organization, there is every probability of increase in sales as well as enhancement of the brand value. Furthermore, the implementation of the new system shall also enable the organization to have a more comprehensive prediction about the further demand fluctuations in the market building better coordination wit hin the two end of the supply chain, i.e. the manufacturing or marketing units and the ultimate customers. Apart from this, the new sales and management system will also enable the company to automatically record the sales and marketing activities of the employees and hence diminish errors in the weekly sales reporting activities, thus making the entire process

Referring to at least three of the case study countries,'Liberal Essay

Referring to at least three of the case study countries,'Liberal Democracy is an ideal which many countries believe in but seldo - Essay Example Liberal democratic execution and performance incorporates the practices of the existing liberal governments. Moreover, there are some international standards that any government must fulfill to qualify as a liberal democratic government. However, differences experienced in liberal democracies globally are brought about by variations in the implementation of liberal democratic principles. The comparison between liberal democracies in the world governments is exceedingly complicated by the existing differences in the definition of the term in diverse political, social, and economical settings. However, liberal democracy principles are universally based on the three main principles, the regime longevity or endurance, liberal democratic value delivery and government efficacy (Skinner 1998, p. 89). Various countries have a strong acuity on the liberal democracy principles, its standards and importance in political, social and economic development. However, a good number of countries that value liberal democracy ideas have a setback in achieving its intended objectives. The essay will entail a case study expounding on the manner in which different countries implement the liberal democracy ideologies and principles. ... To begin with, the United States of America has federal political institutions comprising of 50 states and the District of Columbia. In a federal government structure like that of the United States, the power of the executive is separated from the judicial functions in line with liberal democracy principles. The constituents have executive self-government powers, which lead to economic inequality among different states in the United States of America (Graham, Farkas and Grady 2007, p. 345). The United States of America president is elected after every four years with a two term limit. Although millions of people participate in the election, the president is not elected directly by the country’s citizens but by 538 highly regarded members of an Electoral College. This is slightly in contrast to the basic tenets of a liberal democracy whereby the general public should have the mandate of electing their leaders including the president as it is the case in Russia and France. In th e United States, the Congress which is the country’s legislature is made up of 435 house of representative members and 100 hundred senate members. Each state is represented by two senators for a term of six years. Members in the House of Representatives serve for a period of two years and are elected from single member constituencies. Members of the Congress who are the representatives of the general public have the power to approve the government’s financial outlays as well as legislations. In developing countries, the president has the absolute power of appointing all government officials. In the United States, the president can veto legislations but with the support of two third majority vote

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Project management - Essay Example It is fundamentally due to this particular reason that organizations need to build both effective as well as efficient teams as well as individuals so that organizational goals can be accomplished with ease. However, assigning proper roles and responsibilities to the employees at the individual level as well as team level is also important so that they can contribute towards the accomplishments of the organisation. These aspects are further argued to be highly crucial in the field of sales and marketing which act as the major constituent and driving force of organisational productivity. It has been apparently observed in this context that the roles of employees in this section of business are different from other organisational dimension. The primary roles of the employees in this area are to follow and accomplish the goals and targets of the organization. He/she should be clear about what the organization expects from them and deliver accordingly. Furthermore, the employees should b e more involved towards the operations of the organization in accordance with the set standards and organisational vision. Alongside, the employees must be essentially motivated to strive for better performance continuously. Moreover, the employees of the organization should also need to be innovative in implementing new sales and marketing systems being adequately aware of the determined objectives so that the chances of any sort of error can be minimised efficiently (Griffin & Moorehead, 2009). Additionally, at the team level, the employees need to understand their roles and responsibilities for the organization and deliver their performance accordingly. All the employees in the team should work with equal dedication for the overall accomplishment of organisational goals and should provide topmost priority to the organizational targets rather than individual’s own interests. This aspect can be determined as a vital contribution for the team, towards the marketing and sales department of the organization (Griffin & Moorehead, 2009). 1.2. Project Scope & Process Type Required It has been noted that the implementation of a new sales and marketing system will be vital and advantageous to facilitate the performance of the company in terms of increasing revenue and brand value. In this context, it can be affirmed that implementation of a new sales and marketing system is quite likely to standardize the entire process of sales and marketing of the company. As sales and marketing acts as the backbone of any organization, this aspect is considered to be highly crucial. Furthermore, it has been noted that with the incorporation of a new sales system in organization, there is every probability of increase in sales as well as enhancement of the brand value. Furthermore, the implementation of the new system shall also enable the organization to have a more comprehensive prediction about the further demand fluctuations in the market building better coordination wit hin the two end of the supply chain, i.e. the manufacturing or marketing units and the ultimate customers. Apart from this, the new sales and management system will also enable the company to automatically record the sales and marketing activities of the employees and hence diminish errors in the weekly sales reporting activities, thus making the entire process

Social and Personal Related Factors Influencing Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example for Free

Social and Personal Related Factors Influencing Teenage Pregnancy Essay Introduction Teenage pregnancy or adolescent pregnancy is the early conception of female whose age ranges from 13 to 19. Just recently, adolescent has become an important issue in health in great number of countries, both developed and developing. However, pregnancy in adolescence is not an unusual phenomenon as it keeps on rising every now and then. There are lots of speculations about which factors triggers pregnancy the most. Some of these factors were deemed to be poverty, socioeconomic factors, educational attainment etc. Actually, a family with history of teenage birth is considered as one of the factor that influences teenage pregnancy. Teen female with family history of teenage births are significantly more likely to experience teenage pregnancy (East, et.al 2007). Childhood history of sexual abuse has also been taking in place as a factor of having early pregnancy. This factor increases the risk of teen women for subsequent adolescent pregnancy and that addressing conditions associated with childhood sexual abuse might impact the overall pregnancy rate (Noll, et.al. 2009). Somehow, even non expected factors such as childhood bullying were deemed to contribute for teen to have early pregnancy. Childhood bullying tends to have negative effect on the childhood of teen females. In fact, both bullies and victims had high risk of becoming teenage mothers regardless of the family-related risk factors. Reports of bullying and victimization from the girls themselves, their parents and their teacher were associated with becoming teenage mother independently of each other. Therefore, there is a predictive association between being a bully in childhood and becoming a mother in adolescence and it may be useful to target bullies for teenage pregnancy prevention (Lehti, et.al 2010). Conclusively, there are lots of factors which are deemed to influence teenage pregnancy and it is still a mystery that which factors we should consider above them all thus awareness could be given to those who will need it mostly. The aim of the study is to determine whether which of the social-related or personal-related factors greatly influences teenage pregnancy. Thus, when the study have determined and relay the results this could serve as a basis or guidelines for women to avoid early pregnancy. While for the parents of female teenager this will enable them to know of what aspect should they consider to avoid this teen pregnancy from happening and even for nurses, to conduct health teaching and public awareness that teenage pregnancy can always be prevented just as long as the action plan includes proven data and has the real factors that might lead teenagers to this unwanted and early pregnancy. Significance of the Study The study is deemed to be relevant in nursing profession and for the community in establishing a link between rendering care for the community both in Public and Private setting. The result aims to determine or to discover which among the following factors influences the teen women to be pregnant the most. The study is believed to benefit the following.