Effects of Online Dating on Society - 1875 Words

Technology has become a huge part of everyday life in today’s society. Everywhere you look someone is using their smart phone, computer, or tablet. Technology has become a primary means of communication for most people. Why would meeting new people and dating be any different? A concept of meeting people without the face to face interaction is something that is more than appealing to a large group of people. While this concept is not new and has been around for years, it has had a dramatic increase over the past few years. According to a study done by Patti M. Valkenburg and Jochen Peter the number of dating sites has increased by 17% in the past two years and about 37% of single Americans that use the internet have gone to a dating site†¦show more content†¦According to an article on the Truth about Lying in Online Dating Profiles by Jeffrey Hancock, Catalina Toma, and Nicole Ellison 86% of online dating participants felt others misrepresented their physical appearan ce (Fiore Donath, 2005). Online dating has become such a huge part of society that research on these subjects has become very common. Studies on all aspects of online have been conducted. These studies include ones that simply study the people who are using online dating sites, why online dating seems like the best fit for people and even studies that show the negatives of online dating. A study called â€Å"Who Visits Online Dating Sites? Exploring some Characteristics of Online Daters† by Patti M. Valkenburg and Jochen Peter explains what type of users that visit online dating sites and why (Valkenburg Peter, 2007). This study talks about several different previous studies that have been conducted that show negative correlations between internet usage and social involvement but also shows that recent studies are showing the opposite results. In this study there are two hypotheses that are used to explain why people are likely to use online dating sites to find partners. The First hypothesis this study explains, is the social compensation hypothesis, which shows that online dating is beneficial for dating anxiety. The second is the rich-get-richer hypothesis that explains that people who alreadyShow MoreRelatedOnline Dating And Its Effect On Society874 Words   |  4 PagesOnline dating in the past verses now has changed drastically in a sense that itâ€⠄¢s users has broaden. According to Arron Smith, a publisher in Pew Research Center, in 1995 there were only 14% of adults dating online compared to today, which is nearly nine in ten people being more accepting to these dating services. Its popularity has always ranged from ages 25 to 34 years of age. However, adults stemming from 35 years and up have been taking an interest in these services as well. Many people who areRead MoreSocial Medi Effects On Relationships1178 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media: Effects on Relationships Social media has affected culture in many ways, mostly relationships. People who are affected by the change in their culture do to society, don’t realize the change that has occurred. Over the years social media has drastically increased and plays a huge role within relationships causing insecurity. Dating sites like EHarmony, Christian Mingle, and others have grown in popularity. Not only have the dating sites become more predominant, there are even ways toRead MoreDivorce And Its Effect On Society1019 Words   |  5 Pageshas been on a rise in America since the past thirty years. Almost every person might be having a divorced member in its family. Divorce has been reported to be the major cause of suicide as well. Many factors lead to divorce, some of which are online dating, financial problems and physical abuse. In the ancient Roman Republic, a simple statement for divorce was sufficient for the dissolution of a marriage. Some local Church councils even had the equivalent of no-fault divorce, in which a coupleRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1648 Words   |  7 Pagessocial media has can be observed all over the world in many different settings. Sadly, this power can be both positive and negative. Though, it may be hard sometimes to see the negative aspects since our society has become so enthralled with social media. First, I will examine the trends in online dating and the surplus of people joining in on this new advance. Next, I will turn my focus to the justice system, where jurors are leaning on social media to aid in their decision making process in court. LastlyRead MoreOnline Dating Websites : A Potential For Partners And Dangers1700 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Dating Websites: A Potential for Partners and Dangers Almost seven billion people reside on Earth, yet many people strive to find â€Å"the one† out of everyone. â€Å"The one† meaning that apparent person to build memories with, grow with, share forever with – yes, that one. However, finding that one special person is as easy as finding a needle in the haystack, or possibly even harder. On top of that, only a small fraction of the world’s population are the ones people actually meet in person, soRead MoreSocial Networks : A Network Of Individuals888 Words   |  4 Pagesthan ever because as soon as it was released everyone who could read it and knew what was happening. Even now newspapers can be seen everywhere, though now a great many people read them online instead of having the actual paper form delivered. With the onset of the Internet not only did the newspaper move online so people could find out what was happening in other cities, but some people even made their own news sites, some talking about th emselves and others about things they love. This is stillRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of The Internet On Society998 Words   |  4 PagesThere can be both positive and negative effects of the internet on society. With society revolving around the internet, it is clear that the digital age can have both beneficial and harmful impacts on the 21st Century world, including communications, addictions, dating, schooling, work, savings, and hobbies and pastimes. One of the most affected and obvious impacts of the internet is on communications. The internet does make it easier to reach out to other humans both in and outside of our cultures;Read MoreTechnology Is Too Reliant On Technology1539 Words   |  7 Pagesadvancement for mankind, however becoming too reliant on technology can severely damage some of the basic aspects of life that are slowly being diminished by technology. Today’s society is becoming too reliant on technology because it is causing increasing health issues, strained relationships with loved ones, a problematic online dating life, and serious money problems. Becoming too reliant on technology is an awful fate for the health of many people of all ages. Years ago, children played outside moreRead MoreOnline Dating - Breanna Social Media1598 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Dating - Breanna Social Media has become the new thing to be used for online dating. In this day and time, it is not uncommon to meet someone over the internet through various sites that have been created for the public to do just that, COMMUNICATE! Aside from meeting people on your normal sites like Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter, there are now special sites that have been around for some time now that are geared solely towards online dating. These sites have even wentRead MoreSocial Dating is a Modern Phenomenon in our Society937 Words   |  4 Pagesor through face to face interactions. One of the areas in which they are influenced most is dating. Dating is a modern phenomenon which has only recently been brought up in the last century. Not only is dating the norm in the United States, but also in many other modern societies around the world. Courting has become a thing of the past and society has become more and more aware of the idea of dating. Dating is not only recent, but looking throughout history we see that in most cases the only way

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Louis...

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Louis Stevenson In the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson makes the reader question the extent to which Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are in fact a single character. Until the end of the novel, the two personas seem nothing alike-the well-liked, respectable doctor and the hideous, depraved Hyde are almost opposite in type and personality. Stevenson uses this marked contrast to make his point: every human being contains opposite forces within him or her, an alter ego that hides behind ones polite facade. For us, the reader, to understand fully the characters of either Jekyll or Hyde, we must consider the two physical and mental†¦show more content†¦He also has a positive presence of appearing to be a role model, idol or a saint in some way to lower class London. Another good account is set down by Enfield saying that Dr Henry Jekyll is the very pink of proprieties this Victorian phrase is used to say that Dr Henry Jekyll is very much the best in what he does and that he has peaked at the top of his game, you could say he is to good to be true. As the story goes on Dr Henry Jekyll becomes an addict of his own curiosity and inquisitiveness into science. A quote which proves this comment is In the beginning the difficulty had been to throw off the body of Jekyll, it had of late transferred itself to the other side, that I was slowly loosing hold of my original and better self and becoming slowly incorporated with my second and worse. This quotation is saying that Dr Henry Jekyll was loosing control of him self and the ability to be two personas and was being possessed by his deformed, vile alter ego. Stevenson uses Mr Hyde to show the opposite persona of Dr Jekyll. Hyde represents a violent, deformed monster of which evil is the drive of his actions these actions make Hyde so recognisable in the book. The dominance of Hyde at first is a dormant force withinShow MoreRelated The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson2416 Words   |  10 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson Good and bad. Pure and evil. Right and wrong. Joy and despair. These are all themes Robert Louis Stevenson addresses in his novel, â€Å"The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† Robert Louis Stevenson presents the view that no human has the capacity to be completely good or completely bad. Instead human nature is shown to exhibit both good and bad with dynamic results. Human nature encourages us to feel and experienceRead MoreThe Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson2251 Words   |  10 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson When asked this question, the immediate answer is, yes. Robert Louis Stevenson uses the features of a conventional horror story, which were very popular at the time, but also uses the story to raise social issues and make criticisms about the hypocrisy and double standards of Victorian society, in general, and Victorian London in particular. The first aspect of horror to be noticed is that the mainRead MoreAnalysis Of The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, By Robert Louis Stevenson1323 Words   |  6 Pagesdirectly represented in the literature of the time. An excellent example is, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, by Robert Louis Stevenson, which gives a direct image of what Victorian era was like with his writing style as well as the story itself. Specifically, Stevenson portrays exactly how Victorian social life commenced as well as displays the main points of social standards of the time. Robert Louis Stevenson uses individual characters in the novella to accurately depict how people protectedRead More Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson2888 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson In an attempt to consider the duality tale, one narrative inevitably finds its way to the top of the heap as the supreme archetype: Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Immense disagreement permeates the pages of literary criticism relevant to the meaning of the story. Yet, for all of the wrangling focused on the psychology, morality, spirituality, and sociality of the story, itRead More Good and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson4276 Words   |  18 PagesGood and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson Throughout the story of â€Å"The Strange Case Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde†, the author, Robert Louis Stevenson, presents his idea of the duality of man- where we all have a dark, wicked side within us, where evil is held in waiting to surface, but we hide it away, we pretend it does not exist, and we keep it tame. He presents this idea by using two protagonists, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, who are actually the sameRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson1530 Words   |  7 Pageslocation in the 1800’s during the Victorian era in this novel. As the story unfolds in the classic literature novel, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† written by Robert Louis Stevenson, the magnificent city of London becomes a darker and mysterious location. The powerful city of London embodied the freedom and solitude required for the antagonist of the story, Mr. Hyde to hide his wicked behavior from the society as a whole. According to the history of the Victorian age, â€Å"Traditional waysRead MoreTransformations in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson704 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Jekyll being an eminent doctor, with a powerful social and educational background, has an extremely sophisticated and refined appearance â€Å"a large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty† (44). As the quote suggests Dr. Jekyll has a majestic and renowned persona. The charity he does for the society, and his living Standards are all visible through the appearance he manifests. On the other hand, Hyde being Dr. Jekyll’s contrivance, to carry out evil purposes has an unattractive appearance and a repellentRead More Londons Social Class in Robert Louis Stevenson Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde747 Words   |  3 PagesLondons Social Class in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde One Victorian sentiment was that a civilized individual could be determined by her/his appearance. This notion was readily adopted by the upper classes and, among other things, helped shape their views of the lower classes, who certainly appeared inferior to them. In regards to social mobility, members of the upper classes may have (through personal tragedy or loss) often moved to a lower-class status, but rarely did one see an individual moveRead MoreA feminist reading of Doris Lessing’s ‘To Room Nineteen’ and ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ by Robert Louis Stevenson using ideas discussed in ‘The Second Sex’ by Simone de Beauvoir2446 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿A feminist reading of Doris Lessing’s ‘To Room Nineteen’ and ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ by Robert Louis Stevenson using ideas discussed in ‘The Second Sex’ by Simone de Beauvoir. The concept of Simone de Beauvoir’s myth of women discussed in ‘The Second Sex’ was still very much prevalent in the 1960s when ‘To Room nineteen’ was set and certainly at the time of ‘Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’. In the 1960s, in accordance with the second wave of feminism, women were thoughtRead More Robert Stevenson Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Louis Stevenson began writing during the Victorian era. His style was unlike anyone elseamp;#8217;s and his stories are still popular today. Robert Louis Stevenson was an author of many classic novels and his literary success became popular when he wrote the mystery called The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Robert Louis Stevenson wrote The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in 1886 at the young age of thirty-six. He was born on November 13, 1850 in Edinburgh, Scotland. His

Large and Small Venture Financial Characteristics

Question: Discuss about the Large and Small Venture Financial Characteristics. Answer: Introdution: The field of accounting profession has been continuously expanding their path and a series of responsibilities are incorporated for keeping record valuables in the most systematic and quantitative manner. The context of choosing the accounting as the best root to be successful business career is because the profession of accounting has now become considered as the language and basic tool of business. However, the matter of success or failure in the judgment of accounting is indeed variable because accounting demands integrity, analytical capabilities and clear vision while recording financial information of business in the most perfect manner. In spite of facilitating the traditional accounting functions, such as cost accounting, payroll and general book-keeping, this profession demands analytical abilities such as cost benefit analysis. The accounting bodies and professionals are already aware about their financial responsibilities and this can be said positively that demand of acco unting professionals are evolving in the business field. Accountant has an important role in the evaluation of financial characteristics. Accountant can easily obtain the financial position of companies by analyzing the financial ratios (Brewer Genay, 2015). In other words, financial characteristics help professionals to observe the financial conditions of the business. This will help to take decision regarding capital gearing, assets acquisition, and operational expenses and so on. However, the success and failure of the business operation is completely depends on well established business structure and an effective and potential execution of the business operations. Furthermore, the ability of the accountant has been tested in everyday while taking decision of investment. A perfect debt and equity needs to be required for developing an effective operating structure of the business. This indicates that accountant is responsible for building capital structure which is all about how a business entity finances its considerable operations and growth by applying different sources of funds. The smooth business operation is completely depends on the adequate availability of funds which is the prime responsibility of an accountant. The financia l professionals like accountant often use debt equity ratio to analyze for providing insight into how risky a firm is. In this context, the accountant helps investors to give an idea about what kind of capital structure is required to be maintained for success or failure of the business. For instance, an aggressive capital structure indicates a greater risk to investors. However, it is the ability of the accountant to handle such risk with proper financial executions because it is the primary source of the firms growth The size of the business venture indicates several variables: the capital exposure in the market, number of employees in the organizations, operational abilities in terms of strength and opportunities, shareholders liability and so on. Interest in developing small and large ventures continues to be in the forefront of policy debates in the developing nations (Kiyotaki Moore, 2012). It is indeed a challenging part of the small venture to make thoughtful investment decisions in terms of choosing ideal financial options and many others. By treating investment as an ongoing strategy and consider several things like limiting current debts, creation of provisional fund or invest in labor to grow would some of the significant business consideration for the small businesses. On the other hand, sound capital investment decisions or engage in RD, innovation to make expanded operational and financial exposure are indeed necessary considerations for the success of the large ventures. Throughout this research work, the study will identify how financial characteristics of a company play an important role in the success or failure of a company. Here the decision making ability of accountant and investors will be evaluated which needs to be practiced for the creation of higher returns. Thus the purpose of this paper is to discuss the focus of previous literatures on the relation between finance and small large ventures development and to point out some of the remarkable financial contributions which certainly be different in case of diverse financial characteristics of ventures. Research aim and Objectives The aim of the research is to discuss the financial characteristics of small and large ventures and their implication in the business. To attain the aim of the research, the following objectives need to be followed: To discuss the relationship of financial characteristics of small and large ventures and its impacts in terms of growth or failure of the business To investigate how accountant and management took their decisions by evaluating the financial characteristics of a company To discuss the role of the financial characteristics of business and their contribution invest for creating higher returns on the basis of financial ratio analysis Research Question How does the financial characteristics of small and large ventures impact on the success or failure of a company? How do the financial characteristics of company helps to take sound investment decisions? What is the role of the financial characteristics of business in the creation of higher returns on the basis of financial ratio analysis? Problem Statement The financial constraints faced by the companies in their operations are considered to have a negative effect on their business growth (Claessens et al., 2012). This is deemed worrying for a developed organization that does not acquire any adequate technology and infrastructure for gaining attention of the big businesses or target consumers. In the recent era of globalization, strengthening the financial performance of the companies is deemed increasingly important. The companies are facing tough competition in maintaining their financial position and this creates lot of problem for the accounting professionals who are the responsible to keep records correctly. For this reason, the company needs to be competitive and considering the same, they require focusing on improving their financial performance (Claessens et al., 2012). The recent research will facilitate discussing the relationship of financial characteristics of small and large ventures and its impacts in terms of growth or f ailure of the business. Preliminary Critical Literature Review Choosing right kind of business entity is the challenging consideration for the business owner. However, the size of the ventures indicates several business aspects. Small ventures are partnerships, privately owned corporations, or sole proprietorships that certainly have a lesser employees or less revenue than a regular-size corporation or business. However, ventures shall be defined small in term of being able to apply for government supports or other preferential tax policies varies depending on the industry or country of operation (Claessens et al., 2012). On the contrary, the large business concerns are associated with different financial structure and more employee base to handle the operations effortlessly. On the statistical or quantitative perspectives, The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) classified a small venture as a active trading business entity with 0-19 employees. Interestingly, the macro business organizations are small businesses with 0-4 staffs. Furthermore, businesses with 20-199 employees are considered as medium business who is contributing the active trading business. This indicates that they are successfully remitting in respect of the role of GST. Lastly, more than 200 employees associated with the company is the perfect example of the large business venture. Financial characteristics of small and large ventures: Small sized ventures are often come together for analytical purpose, although the industry in which the small business is in also likely to play a significant role for determination of the firms financial characteristics. Generally, the financial characteristics comprised with the several financial ideas like profitability, indebtedness and liquidity. On the economic perspectives, small ventures are less likely to borrow compare to larger ones. Benavides-Velasco et al., (2013) stated that large business tends to be made more leveraged compare to small ventures at the time of borrowings. Such fact indicates less exposure of handling debt or liabilities with the help of asset acquisitions in case of the small ventures. In other words, Vogel (2014) explains this fact as the reduced accessibility to finance for small ventures compare to the larger ones. It further reflects the more fluctuating revenue streams of companies which make the gearing ratio of companies more dispersed relative to medium or large business organizations (Graph 1). Industry is also considered to be a significant driver for the analysis of the financial characteristics for deriving the gearing for a business in a particular industry because size of ventures plays large role in this context. On the general perspectives, the small ventures indicate more profitability compare to medium and large companies (Cheng et al., 2014). However, the factor of profitability is indeed varies across industry. For instance, large construction companies tend to have higher return of assets relative to small companies. In most of the industries, however, the median ROA is higher for small business entities. This may indicate that small companies are more risky compare to large ventures with having a greater variation in returns. Lastly, liquidity is the entitys ability to pay its short-term obligations or debt. Here the small companies have fewer capabilities to handle the liquidity relative to large ones. Based on above discussion this can be said that financial characteristics of companies help to analyze financial position of companies on the perspective of industry (Van Der Wijst 2012). Research Process To accomplish the research on an organized manner, this paper will follow a research process. Initially, this paper explains the research topic and background of the different forms of ventures. In the second part, all the financial characteristics of small, medium, large scale ventures and its diverse implications will be discussed. This piece of critical literature review helps in understanding the role of the financial characteristics of companies in decision making and to generate higher returns. Throughout the research, the study will follow a methodical framework and conduct the research gathering sufficient data which needs to be analyzed for getting the expected research outcome. Research Methodology In the methodology section of the research, the study will explore theoretical framework. Here the secondary research will be conducted for gathering the points of financial characteristics of small and large enterprises. Generally, the decision making approach of different types of ventures are different. For this reason, an in depth discussion procedure will be conducted and the descriptive research design will be followed. According to Lambert Lambert (2012), the descriptive research is all about casting light on present issues or problems through the data collection process that enables to describe the financial characteristics more comprehensively which will help to identify its contribution in the financial decision making as well. The descriptive research design is also suitable for assessing characteristics or behaviors of sample population. On the other hand, the deductive research approach will be practiced to explain the means of research questions, which can be derived f rom the propositions of the theory. Here the common observation regarding the financial characteristics of different types of companies will be recorded and understands how an investor make decision by evaluating the financial characteristics on the basis of financial ratio analysis. Data Collection and Analysis Here the sufficient data will be gathered by exploring the secondary data collection method. To know the answers of the research questions, several case studies, journal articles, newspapers, will be collected to gather the necessary resources for conducting this research. Although the research methods are split widely into qualitative and quantitative methods, this study will follow the qualitative data analysis. Under this method, qualitative research does not involve numbers or numerical figures in the research; however this method would be preferable because qualitative analysis results in rich data that gives an in-depth picture and observations. It would be useful to explore how financial characteristics of ventures impacts on the accountants or investors decision making in the business. After conducting this research successfully, this study will clearly identify the relevant features or financial characteristics relevant to a particular size of the ventures. It is obvious that different types of ventures have different financial capabilities and exposures which indicate a specific purpose of investments within the target company. With this understanding, the study will identify the role the financial characteristics in the success or failure of the company. By investigating the positive financial aspects of the company, the accountant or shareholders of the company will get the perfect decision and ensure higher returns as well. Conclusion: Based on the above analysis it can be said that financial characteristics needs to be evaluated before initiating any business projects. It will help to structure business ideas effectively in terms of intending capabilities, size of businesses. However, the financial interpretations and decision making abilities are completely depends on the accountant of the company. Thus a right projections and understanding of financial characteristics help to create higher returns of the business. Here the limitation of the report is that the financial characteristics are identified only on the basis of financial ratios. Financial capabilities need to be analyzed by proper financial tools Financial capabilities of business needs to be monitored frequently Investment decisions of business needs to be taken on perspective of industry standard References: Benavides-Velasco, C. A., Quintana-Garca, C., Guzmn-Parra, V. F. (2013). Trends in family business research.Small Business Economics,40(1), 41-57. Brewer, I. Genay, H. (2015). Small Business Investment Companies: Financial Characteristics and Investments.Journal Of Small Business Management,33(3), 38. Retrieved from https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-17438228/small-business-investment-companies-financial-characteristics Cheng, S., Hameed, A., Subrahmanyam, A., Titman, S. (2014). Short-term reversals and the efficiency of liquidity provision.Queens University Working Paper. Claessens, S., Kose, M. A., Terrones, M. E. (2012). How do business and financial cycles interact?.Journal of International economics,87(1), 178-190. Kiyotaki, N., Moore, J. (2012).Liquidity, business cycles, and monetary policy(No. w17934). National Bureau of Economic Research. Lambert, V. A., Lambert, C. E. (2012). Qualitative descriptive research: an acceptable design.Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research,16(4), 255-256. Rba.gov.au. (2016). Retrieved 21 December 2016, from https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/workshops/other/small-bus-fin-roundtable-2012/pdf/03-fin-character-small-bus.pdf Van Der Wijst, D. (2012).Financial structure in small business: Theory, tests and applications(Vol. 320). Springer Science Business Media. Vogel, H. L. (2014).Entertainment industry economics: A guide for financial analysis. Cambridge University Press.

United States of American Personal Freedom Essay Example For Students

United States of American: Personal Freedom Essay United States of American: Personal FreedomNo other democratic society in the world permits personal freedoms tothe degree of the United States of America. Within the last sixty years,American courts, especially the Supreme Court, have developed a set of legaldoctrines that thoroughly protect all forms of the freedom of expression. Whenit comes to evaluating the degree to which we take advantage of the opportunityto express our opinions, some members of society may be guilty of violating thebounds of the First Amendment by publicly offending others through obscenity orracism. Americans have developed a distinct disposition toward the freedom ofexpression throughout history. The First Amendment clearly voices a great American respect toward thefreedom of religion. It also prevents the government from abridging thefreedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably toassemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.Sincethe early history of our country, the protection of basic freedoms has been ofthe utmost importance to Americans. In Langston Hughes poem, Freedom, he emphasizes the struggle to enjoythe freedoms that he knows are rightfully his. He reflects the American desirefor freedom now when he says, I do not need my freedom when Im dead. I cannotlive on tomorrows bread.He recognizes the need for freedom in its entiretywithout compromise or fear. We will write a custom essay on United States of American: Personal Freedom specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I think Langston Hughes captures the essence of the American immigrantsquest for freedom in his poem, Freedoms Plow. He accurately describesAmericans as arriving with nothing but dreams and building America with thehopes of finding greater freedom or freedom for the first time. He depicts howpeople of all backgrounds worked together for one cause: freedom. I selected Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 as a fictitious example of theevils of censorship in a world that is becoming illiterate. In this book, thegovernment convinces the public that book reading is evil because it spreadsharmful opinions and agitates people against the government. The vast majorityof people accept this censorship of expression without question and are contentto see and hear only the governments propaganda.I found this disturbing yetrealistic. Bradburys hidden opposition to this form of censorship was apparentthroughout the book and finally prevailed in the end when his main characterrebelled against the practice of burning books. Among the many forms of protests are pickets, strikes, public speechesand rallies. Recently in New Jersey, more than a thousand community activistsrallied to draft a human budget that puts the needs of the poor andhandicapped as a top priority.Rallies are an effective means for people touse their freedoms effectively to bring about change from the government. Freedom of speech is constantly being challenged as is evidenced in arecent court case where a Gloucester County school district censored reviews oftwo R-rated movies from a school newspaper. Superior Court Judge, Robert E. Francis ruled that the students rights were violated under the stateConstitution.I feel this is a major break through for students rightsbecause it limits editorial control of school newspapers by educators and allowsstudents to print what they feel is important. A newly proposed bill (A-557) would prevent school officials fromcontrolling the content of student publications. Critics of the bill feel thatstudent journalists may be too young to understand the responsibilities thatcome with free speech.This is a valid point; however, it would provide anexcellent opportunity for them to learn about their First Amendment rights thatguarantees free speech and freedom of the press. In his commencement address to Monmouth College graduates, ProfessorAlan Dershowitz of Harvard Law School defended the broad right to free speech. He stated, My message to you graduates is to assert your rights, to use themresponsibly and boldly, to oppose racism, to oppose sexism, to oppose homophobiaand bigotry of all kinds and to do so within the spirit of the First Amendment,not by creating an exception to it.I agree that one should feel free tospeak openly as long as it does not directly or indirectly lead to the harm ofothers. One of the more controversial issues was the recent 2 Live Crew incidentinvolving obscenity in rap music. Their record, As Nasty as They Wanna Be,was ruled obscene in federal court. They were acquitted of the charges andquickly became a free speech martyr. Although many stores pulled the album,over two million copies sold as a result of the incident.I feel that in thiscase the principles of free speech have been abused because young children canpurchase and listen to this obscene music. The American flag, symbol of our countrys history and patriotism, hasalso become a topic of controversy. The controversy was over the right to burnthe flag without punishment. Supreme CourtJustice William Brennan offeredthe response that if there is a bedrock principle underlying the FirstAmendment, it is that the Government may not prohibit the expression of an ideasimply because society finds the idea itself offensive or disagreeable.Burning the flag is considered a form of symbolic speech and therefore isprotected under the First Amendment. As in the 2 Live Crew case, I feel that weare protecting the wrong people in this case. The minority is given precedenceat the sacrifice of the majority. .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff , .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff .postImageUrl , .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff , .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff:hover , .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff:visited , .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff:active { border:0!important; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff:active , .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0d26f1f7e75aab1a73e9d0890b2c56ff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rawls View Of Ignorance EssayThe book, American Voices, is a collection of essays on the freedom ofspeech and censorship. I chose to put this collection of essays into my bookbecause they represent the strong central theme of freedom of expression as thecornerstone of American government, culture and life.Each essay stronglydefends a case for free commercial speech. Each was generally in favor of fewerlimitations on freedom of expression. The American voice on freedom has been shaped throughout the course ofhistory by the initial democratic notions of the immigrants to the same desirefor greater freedom that we have today. The freedom of speech has constantlybeen challenged and will continue to be challenged in the future. It isimportant that we learn from the precedented cases of the past of ourconstitutionally protected rights so that in the future authority will notviolate our freedoms or oppress our liberty. Ever since colonial times, the protection of personal freedoms in theUnited States has been significantly important. Even in the early stages ofAmerican history there was an urge to put legally protected freedoms intowritten government documents. The result was the drafting of the first tenamendments to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, by James Madison. Theapplications of the personal freedoms described in the Bill of Rights,particularly the freedom of speech, have been challenged repeatedly in Americancourts of law and elsewhere. These incidents and challenges of authorityreflect the defensive American attitude toward the ever important freedom ofexpression and the growing significance of personal rights throughout Americanhistory. In Colonial America, members of diverse nationalities had opposing viewson government, religion, and other subjects of interest. Serious confrontationswere prevented because of the vast lands that separated groups of varyingopinions. A person could easily settle in with other like believers and beuntouched by the prejudices and oppression of others. For this reason,Unitarians avoided Anglican or Puritan communities. Quakers and Anabaptistswere confined to Pennsylvania and Rhode Island while Catholics were mainlyconcentrated in Maryland.As the United States grew larger and larger, thesediverse groups were forced to live together. This may have caused individualliberties to be violated because of the distrust and hostile feelings betweenethnic and religious groups. Most of the initial assemblies among the colonies considered themselvesimmune from criticism. They actually issued warrants of arrest, interrogated,fined, and imprisoned anyone accused of libeling the assembly as a whole or anyof its members. Many people were tracked down for writing or speaking works ofoffense. The first assembly to meet in America, the Virginia House of Burgesses,stripped Captain Henry Spellman of his rank when he was found guilty oftreasonable words.Even in the most tolerant colonies, printing was strictlyregulated. The press of William Bradford was seized by the government when heprinted up a copy of the colonys charter. He was charged with seditious libeland spent more than a year in prison. A more famous incident was the trial of John Peter Zenger whichestablished the principle of a free press. In his newspaper he publishedsatirical ballads regarding William Cosby, the unpopular governor, and hiscouncil. His media was described as having in them many things tending toraise seditions and tumults among the people of this province, and to fill theirminds with a contempt for his majestys government.The grand jury did notindict Zenger and the General Assembly refused to take action. The defendantwas acquitted on the basis that in cases of libel the jury should judge both lawand the facts. James Alexander was the first colonial writer to develop a philosophy onthe freedom of speech. He founded the American Philosophical Society andmasterminded the Zenger defense. Alexanders chief conviction was Freedom ofspeech is a principal pillar in a free government: when this support is takenaway, the constitution is dissolved and tyranny is erected on its ruins.The original Constitution did not contain a bill of rights because theconvention delegates felt that individual rights were in no danger and would beprotected by the states. However, the lack of a bill of rights was thestrongest objection to the ratification of the Constitution. Less than a decade after the Bill of Rights had been adopted it met itsfirst serious challenge. In 1798, there was a threat of war with France andthousands of French refugees were living in the United States. Many radicalssupported the French cause and were considered incompatible with social order.This hysteria led Congress to enact several alien and sedition laws. One lawforbade the publication of false, scandalous or malicious writing against thegovernment, Congress or the President. The penalty for this crime was a $2,000fine and two years in prison. The public was enraged at these laws. Thomas Jefferson and JamesMadison pleaded for freedom of speech and the press. The alien and seditionlaws became a prime issue in the presidential election of 1800. Soon afterJefferson was elected, the Sedition Act expired and those who had been convictedunder it were immediately pardoned. The next attack on the First Amendment occurred in 1835. PresidentAndrew Jackson proposed a law that would prohibit the use of mail forincendiary publications intended to instigate the slaves to insurrection.John C. Calhoun of South Carolina led a special committee that opposed theproposal on grounds that it conflicted with the First Amendment. The proposalwas defeated because it was a form of censorship. .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 , .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 .postImageUrl , .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 , .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48:hover , .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48:visited , .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48:active { border:0!important; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48:active , .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48 .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u122b5b055db7846f4bea30539352ad48:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Overpopulation s Attorney General, about 500 FBI agents and police raided 3,000 Russiansand other European immigrants, looking for Communists to deport. The victimswere arrested without warrants, homes were ransacked, personal property wasseized, and they were hauled off to jail. An even more vicious episode was known as McCarthyism, an incident inthe 1950s when Senator Joseph R. McCarthy of Wisconsin proclaimed that thefederal government had been thoroughly infiltrated by Communist agents. Hisattacks on United States information libraries abroad led to the burning of somebooks accused of being Communist propaganda. Reduced congressional supportcaused many librarians to resign and the closing of libraries. On the morning of December 16, 1965, thirteen year old Mary Beth Tinkerwent to school in Des Moines, Iowa. She and her fifteen year old brother, John,had decided to wear black armbands as a protest to the Vietnam War. In advanceto their arrival, the principal had decided that any student wearing an arm-band would be told to remove it, stating that, The schools are no place fordemonstrations.If the student refused, he would be suspended until thearmband was permanently removed. On December 16, the Tinkers refused to removetheir armbands. They were suspended and did not return to school until afterJanuary 1, when by a previous decision the protest had ended. The students brought suit in federal court to confirm their FirstAmendment right to wear the black armbands. They lost in The Federal DistrictCourt on grounds that this type of symbolic expression might disturb schooldiscipline. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit wasdivided equally(4-4) so the decision remained unchanged. On February 24, 1969, the United States Supreme Court decided in thestudents favor by a vote of 7 to 2. The Tinker v. Des Moines IndependentSchool District decision was a landmark case for students rights and liberties. Speaking for the majority of the Court, Justice Abe Fortas wrote, It can hardlybe argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights tofreedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.During the sixties and early seventies a new wave of court battles forFirst Amendment freedoms emerged. The freedom of speech was recognized as avital element in a democratic society. Censorship and the infringement of FirstAmendment rights, especially among students and their newspapers, could not andwould not be tolerated. American citizens took a firm stand against thegovernment and authority at important times when they could have yielded to theoppressive violations of their rights. ENDNOTESAmendments to the Constitution. Colliers Encyclopedia, 1965 ed. Langston Hughes, The Panther and the Lash (New York: Alfred A. Knopf,Inc., 1967), 55. Langston Hughes, Selected Poems (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.,1981), 291-293. Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451 (New York: Ballantine Books, 1973). Donna Leusner, Social Services Advocates Rally for Human Touch inState Budget, The Star Ledger,9 April 1991: A-3. Student Wins Freedom of Speech Case, Daily Record, 24 April 1991: A-2. Bob McHugh, Free Speech Moves for School Newspapers, The StarLedger, 4 May 1991: A-3. Cathy Bugman, Monmouth Grads Hear Top Lawyer Defend Broad Right toFree Speech, The Star Ledger, 27 May 1991: A-9. David Gates, The Importance of Being Nasty, Newsweek, 2 July 1990:52. Walter Isaacson, Oer the Land of the Free, Time, 3 July 1989: 14-15. . American Voices (New York: Phillip Morris, 1987). The First Freedom Today (Chicago: American Library, 1984), 3. The First Freedom Today, 4. The First Freedom Today. The First Freedom Today, 5. The First Freedom Today. American Voices (New York: Phillip Morris, 1987), 292. The First Freedom Today, 5. The First Freedom Today, 7. Nat Hentoff, The First Freedom (New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1980),4. Hentoff, 5. BIBLIOGRAPHYAmendments to the Constitution. Colliers Encyclopedia. 1965 ed. American Voices. New York: Phillip Morris, 1987. Bollinger, Lee. C. The Tolerant Society. New York:Oxford University Press, 1986. Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Ballantine Books, 1973. Bugman, Cathy. Monmouth Grads Hear Top Lawyer Defend Broad Right toFree Speech. The Star Ledger, 27 May 1991: A-9. First Freedom Today, The. Chicago: American Library Association, 1984. Gates, David. The Importance of Being Nasty. Newsweek, 2 July 1990:52. Hentoff, Nat. The First Freedom. New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1980. Hughes, Langston. The Panther and the Lash. New York:Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1967. Hughes, Langston. Selected Poems. New York:Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1981. Isaacson, Walter. Oer the Land of the Free. Time,3 July 1989: 14-15. Kalven, Harry, Jr. A Worthy Tradition. New York: Harper and Row, 1988. Leusner, Donna. Social Services Advocates Rally for Human Touch in StateBudget. The Star Ledger,9 April 1991: A-3. McHugh, Bob. Free Speech Moves for School Newspapers. The Star Ledger, 4May 1991: A-3. Student Wins Freedom of Speech Case. Daily Record,24 April 1991: A-2. Social Issues